research summative

• Scientific report


  A report that communicates the findings of a scientific study
• Main parts of a scientific report

  • Title
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Title


  Provides a concise and informative description of the study's main focus and findings
• Abstract


  A brief summary of the entire report, providing an overview of the research question, methods, results, and conclusions
• Introduction


  Introduces the research topic, provides background information, and outlines the research question or hypothesis
• Literature Review


  Reviews relevant studies and research findings related to the topic of the study
• Methods


  Describes the research design, materials, and procedures used to conduct the study
• Results


  Presents the findings of the study in a clear and organized manner
• Discussion


  Interprets the results of the study in relation to the research question or hypothesis
• Conclusion


  Summarizes the main findings of the study and restates the research question or hypothesis
• References


  Lists all the sources cited in the report, following a specific citation style
• Appendices


  Contains additional supplementary material that is not essential to the main body of the report
• scientific method

  step 1 - identify the problem

  step 2 - perform background research

  step 3- make a hypothesis

  step 4 - conduct experiment

  step 5 - make observation and record data

  step 6- study the result

  step 7- make a conclusion
• Scientific procedure


  A discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
• Conclusion


  Reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
• Graph to compare 6 different brands of cars

  • Bar graph
• Good hypothesis


  • Must be testable by observation or experiment
• Deciding whether data supports original hypothesis

  Drawing conclusion
• Physicist formulating and testing hypotheses

  By experiments
• Conclusions according to scientific method


  • Stated in a form that can be evaluated by others
• Writing steps or procedures

  During the do the experiment step
• Collecting data


  During the do the experiment step
• Organizing data to analyze

  Record and study the data
• Referring back to hypothesis when writing conclusion

  Write the conclusion
• Hypothesis accepted or rejected


  Do the experiment
• Reasons for using scientific method

  • It is used so that the experiment can be repeated by others
  • It is a consistent way of doing things in science
  • It allows scientists to collect and process information
• Part of scientific method that is a question

  Identify the problem
• Discussing results and accepting/rejecting hypothesis

  Write the conclusion
• Explaining materials and methods


  Methods
• Providing step-by-step instructions


  Procedure
• Characteristics for an experiment to be believable


  • Valid
• Doing an experiment that tests hypothesis and answers problem
• Steps in scientific method

  • Ask a question
  • Do background research
  • Construct a hypothesis
  • Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
  • Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
  • Communicate your results
• Control


  A sample treated exactly like other experimental groups except variable is not applied
• Observation


  Using senses to obtain information
• High level scientific question


  Does the amount of salt in water affect the temperature at which it boils?
• Rules for writing a hypothesis


  • It is testable
• Correctly written hypothesis


  • If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen.
• Good way to organize and record experiment results

  In a data table
• Variable changed in an experiment

  Independent variable