AO1

• SCIZOPHRENIA (SZ) tends to..

  -run in families.

  -The risk of developing SZ is higher if you have a biological relative who has SZ.​
• what is the concordance rate for general population

  1%.
• What did Gottesman look at

  -concordance rates among family members
• What have twin studies investigate

  -relative contribution of genetics and environmental influences
• Monozygotic twins are...

  -more concordant (40.4%) than DZ twins (7.4%) suggesting this similarity is due to genetics
• Why are adoption studies also used

  -due to the issues from untangling genetics from environment
• What did Tienari find

  -children with one biological parent with SZ has a concordance rate for SZ of 6.7%.

  -this was compared to control group with cc rate of 2%
• it was concluded the findings showed

  -there is a genetic liability to SZ
• What does the dopamine hypothesis claim

  -an excess of the neurotransmitter dopamine in certain areas of the brain is associated with the positive symptoms of SZ such as hallucinations and delusions.
• Schizophrenics are thought to have high numbers of

  -D2 receptors on the receiving neurons resulting in more dopamine binding and therefore in more neurons firing.
• The og dop hyp was revised and it was proposed that

  -positive symptoms of SZ are caused by an excess of dopamine in the subcortical areas of the brain, in particular the mesolimbic pathway.
• The negative and cognitive symptoms of SZ are thought to arise from

  -a deficit of dopamine in the areas of the prefrontal cortex (the mesocortical pathway).