Geography - Economic Activities

• Economic Activities


  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
• Primary


  Raw Materials
• Secondary


  Manufacturing & Processing
• Quaternary


  Research & Development
• Farming


  • Pastoral: animals
  • Arable: crops (high fell, alcotment, inbye)
• Intensive Farming


  High profit, low price, small space, very fast
• Extensive Farming


  Low cost, high price, lots of space, takes time
• Service Industry


  • Airports
  • Hotels/Abnb
  • Theme park
  • Food
  • Tour guides
• Advantages of Service Industry


  • Builds country's image
  • Increases economic value
  • Boosts revenue
  • Increases GDP
• Disadvantages of Service Industry


  • Increase local prices
  • Low quality environment
  • Increase of taxes
  • Over reliance on tourism
• Positive Effects of Tourism Industry


  • Learn new languages
  • Creates more jobs
  • Conservation
  • Regenerates environment
• Negative Effects of Tourism Industry


  • Racism
  • Natural habitat loss
  • Tourists behaviour
  • Increased pollution
• Greenfield sites


  Located outside the city, has fertile soil (good for growing plants/crops), private, has no infrastructure (water, sewage, electricity), land is cheap
• Brownfield sites


  Land is expensive, developed (in city), has facilities
• Science Parks


  Universities have good connections, high-tech companies (google, tesla), private (has their own facilities and housing), talented (scouted by high-tech industries), privacy (stealing ideas), place where people can collaborate with technology companies
• Business Parks


  Convention centers (close to airport), has technology fairs, handles all legal matters, patents, copyright, licensing, trademark
• Factory


  • Raw materials: metals/gases/stones
  • Site/Flatland: close to raw materials to reduce shipping fee, close to transport & market
  • Power/Energy: coal/solar/wind energy/renewable & non-renewable energy
  • Transport: cheapest in the world: ship/cargo ship (land: freight train)
  • Labour: skilled/unskilled (skilled: has qualifications, unskilled: gardeners/cleaners etc)
  • Factory
  • Market: supplier/retailer/distributer
• Sunset Industry


  Industries that are no longer useful, outdated, have less demand
• Sunrise Industry


  Industries that are more needed than ever, producing goods more suitable for the future and have high demand
• Just In Time System


  Advantages: saves storage, choose supplier, local sourcing

  Disadvantages: delays, out of supply, difficult to rework orders
• Assembly Line System


  Advantages: simple, good quality, includes machines, improves profit

  Disadvantages: paid little, defects/mistakes, no storage, monotonous work
• Population


  • Migration
  • Immigrants
  • Birth & Death Rate
  • Population Distribution
• Types of Migration


  • Rural to Urban
  • Urban to Rural
  • International Migration
• Push Factors


  • Weather
  • Lack of resources
  • Not enough income
• Pull Factors


  • Weather
  • More job opportunities
  • More income
  • Lifestyle
• Factors of Migrations - Positives

  • Jobs
  • Learn new languages
  • Learn new culture
• Factors of Migrations - Negatives

  • Racism
  • Treated poorly
  • Loss of money
• Effects of Migrations - Positives

  • Better lifestyle
  • Culture
• Effects of Migrations - Negatives

  • Overpopulation
  • Jobs taken over
• Birth Rate & Death Rate - Increases

  • Money
  • Resources
  • No education
• Birth Rate & Death Rate - Decreases


  • Working
  • Relaxing
  • Education
  • High living cost
  • More responsibility
• Birth Rate & Death Rate - Effects

  • Religion
  • Culture
• Densely populated


  A lot of people
• Sparsely populated


  Less people