Group-3-UCSP

• Evolution


  Refers to the changes in the proportions of biological types in a population over time
• Paleontology


  The study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils
• Paleontologist


  Use fossil remains to understand different aspects of extinct and living organisms
• Paleontologists

  • Donald Johanson
  • Tim White
• Donald Johanson and Tim White proposed the name Australopithecus afarensis
• One of their most famous finds is "Lucy," a small female A. afarensis
• Paleontologists

  • Raymond Dart
• Raymond Dart discovered the first Australopithecus specimen at Taung, South Africa, in 1924
• Australopithecus are primitive bipedal hominids, neither ape nor human
• Humans are a young species, in geological terms
• Homo Habilis


  The earliest known species in the human lineage
• Homo Habilis was named in 1964 by Richard Leakey, the term 'habilis' refers to 'being handy'
• Dentition of Homo Habilis


  The teeth are thought to be larger than those of modern humans
• Homo Habilis


  • First species that possessed the characteristic enlarged brain, closely associated with the ability of using stones for tool-making
• Tools of Homo Habilis

  Early humans made various tools, ranging in size from a tennis ball to a walnut, called the 'Olduvan industry', used for hunting, defense, food prep, and skinning animals
• Homo Ergaster


  Means 'working man', named to document the discovery of a variety of tools, such as hand-axes and cleavers, near the fossil remains
• Homo Ergaster is one of the more-problematic species in the human lineage because there is no clear distinction between H. ergaster and H. erectus
• Homo Ergaster lived in eastern and southern Africa from 1.9 to 1.4 million years ago, some fossils attributed to Homo ergaster are considered early Homo erectus
• The most complete Homo Ergaster skeleton, known as the 'Turkana boy' or 'Nariokotome boy,' was found at Lake Turkana
• Tools of Homo Ergaster

  Used more advanced tools than Homo habilis, called the Acheulean industry, the main tool was the hand-axe, made by chipping stones to have two distinct sides
• Homo Erectus


  The extinct ancient human, first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions, with shorter arms and longer legs relative to its torso, first known hominin to migrate out of Africa, and possibly the first to cook food
• Meaning of Homo Erectus

  Homo means "Human", Erectus means "Walking upward", so Homo Erectus means upright men
• The most recent remains of Homo Erectus have been dated to 10,000 years, suggesting they were the first continental migrants, migrating out of Africa
• Homo Heidelbergensis


  • Fossils classified as Homo heidelbergensis have been dated from 400000 to 100000 years ago
  • Average height of 1.8m, broad nose and face, large cranial volume, some plesiomorphic dental features
• Homo Sapiens


  • Modern humans, known for our large brains, ability to walk upright, and diverse appearances
  • Live in social groups, create complex societies, and have developed sophisticated tools, art, and technology