PHYSIO CIRCULATORY

• unicellular organisms rely on _ to transport molecules

  diffusion
• large animals move fluid through their bodies by

  bulk transport
• Moves fluid throughout the body by changing (increasing) pressure in the different parts of the body

  circulatory system
• fluid in the circulatory system flows through _ gradient

  pressure
• 3 components of the circulatory system

  pump, tubes, fluid
• color of RBC when oxygenated

  red
• color of RBC when not oxygenated

  blue
• Circulatory fluid remains within vessels and does not come in direct contact with the tissues

  closed
• fluid in a closed system is

  heterogenous
• Circulatory fluid comes in direct contact with the tissues in spaces

  open
• fluid in closed system is

  homogenous
• fluid in closed system comes in direct contact with the tissues in spaces called

  sinuses
• pump with contracticle chambers

  chambered heart
• in a chambered heart, blood enters the

  atrium
• in a chambered heart, blood is pumped out by the

  ventricle
• pump that squeeze on vessels to generate pressure

  skeletal muscle
• Rhythmic contractions of vessel wall pumps blood

  peristalsis
• _ valves help to ensure unidirectional flow

  one-way
• Extracellular fluid that directly bathes the tissues

  interstitial fluid
• Fluid that circulates within the vessels of a closed circulatory system

  Blood
• Fluid that circulates in the secondary circulatory system of vertebrates

  lymph
• fluid that has filtered out of the vessels

  lymph
• Fluid that circulates in an open circulatory system

  hemolymph
• metazoan with no circulatory system (uses water vascular system)

  echinodermata
• metazoan with closed circulatory system

  vertebrata
• cephalochordata, urochordata, mollusca, and arthropoda have _ circulatory system

  open
• metazoan that has no cirvulatory system (use ciliated cells)

  platyhelminthes
• metazoan that has no circulatory system (water is pumped through body cavity by flagella)

  porifera
• metazoan that has no circulatory system (uses muscle contraction)

  nematoda
• metazoan that has no circulatory system (water pumped through gastrovascular cavity)

  cnidaria
• metazoan that has open and closed circulatory system

  annelida
• the highest pressure vessel

  arteries
• vessel where exchange happens

  capillary
• compliant vessel; receives most of the blood

  veins
• A complex wall surrounding a central lumen

  blood vessel
• blood vessel wall composed of smooth, epithelial cells (vascular endothelium); internal lining

  tunica intima
• blood vessel wall made up of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue; middle layer

  tunica media
• cell in the tunica intima where fat attaches leading to decreased perfusion

  epithelial cell
• muscle in the tunica media involved in constriction and dilation

  smooth muscle
• blood vessel wall made up of collagen; outermost layer

  tunica externa