Module 7: Unit 1 - Topic 1-2

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What is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
A multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation
Goals of OSH
Foster a safe and healthy occupational environment
Protect all the general public who may be affected by the occupational environment
Occupational injuries and deaths include may be acute or chronic
Causes of occupational injuries and deaths
Inhalataion
Absorption
Ingestion
Direct Contact
An occupational injury is any injury (cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation) which results from a work-related event or from a single, instantaneous exposure in the work environment
Who are usually the healthiest people in the community?
Workers
Hazardous workplace hazards can affect those outside the workplace through:
Soil and Groundwater contamination
Air Pollution
Another way that industries and their communities share health problems is in the instance of an industrial disaster
What do workers, as a community, have in common?
Social problems and environmental risks
Chronic conditions in the occupational group
Dermatitis
Headaches
Blood Pressure
Blood Chemistries
What does the discovery of flint heaps suggest from the earliest of worker?
A risk for silicosis
What emphasized the need for ventilation inside mines?
George Agricola - Treatise on mining (1561) - "De Re Metallica"
Philippus Aureolus Theoprastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
Paracelsus
What did Paracelsus publish?
On the Miners' Sickness and other Miners' Diseases
50% of work related deaths occur in Asia
fatality rates are 5-6 times higher in developing countries
10 million is the total number of OFWs at any given time
What are the growing challenges of occupational health?
Psychosocial Risks
Work-related stress and non-communicable diseases
Notably Circulatory and Respiratory diseases
Cancers
OSH Factors to consider
Technology
Demographic Shifts
Development and Climate Change
Changes in the Organization of Work
The greatest causes of mortality in occupational health are: Circulatory Diseases, Work-related Cancers, and Respiratory Diseases
% of circulatory diseases
31%
% of work-related cancers
26%
% of respiratory diseases
17%
ILO Country Office for the Philippines 
Supports programs to promote a culture of safety and health that brings OSH services to those that need them the most
What is national occupational safety and health culture?
Where the right to a safe and healthy working environment is respected at all levels
Department of Factory Inspection - first Child Labor Law
prohibited factories from hiring children younger than 10 y.o
First worker safety law (Massachusetts - 1877)
protecting textile workers from hazardous spinning machinery
Maryland (1902)
first state to pass any kind of workers' compensation legislation
U.S. Congress (1908) 
enacted the first of several worker compensation laws
Alice Hamilton 
a strong promponent of occupational health and a true pioneer in the field
What did the federal government create in 1884?
Bureau of Labor
What did the federal government create in 1910?
Federal Bureau of Mines
What did the federal government create in 1914?
Office of Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation in the Public Health Service
What did the Congress pass in 1916?
Federal Employees' Compensation Act
What is the purpose of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act?
provide federal employees compensation if injured while on the job
The two most comprehensive laws passed
Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969
Occupational safety and Health Act of 1970
What is Occupational safety and Health Act of 1970 also known as?
Williams-Steiger Act
What is the purpose of the Occupational safety and Health Act of 1970?
Ensure that emplyers in the private sector furnish each employee
What does the OSH Administration enforce
occupational safety and health standards
What is the purpose of the National Institute for Occupationl Safety and Health?
Recommendation of occupational health and safety standards