Comparative policing

• Comparative Policing


  The act of comparing one police system with the others according to differences and similarities
• Roles of Police


  • To address all sorts of problems relative to social order and law enforcement
• Police


  Governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community
• Comparative research


  The act of scientific inquiry which employ comparative analysis
• Comparative criminal justice


  Deals with comparison of the different justice systems
• Common Law System


  • Set as adversarial and applies the presumption of innocence concept
• Civil Law Systems


  • The accused is granted minimal rights and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation
• Continental police


  Are the servants of higher authority
• Home rule police


  Are servants of the community
• Old Police Service


  Relies on the number of the arrests made
• Modern Police Service


  Relies on the absence of crime
• Due Process Model


  • Focuses on just and fair justice system
• Crime Control Model


  • Based on the presumption that the repression of criminal behavior is the most important aspect of police duty over individual freedom
• Aggression is using armed force inconsistent with United Nations chapter
• International Criminal Justice


  The study and description of one country's law, criminal procedures, or justice process
• International Criminal Justice


  Term that has been used in comparative and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global issues
• Genocide


  Intent to destroy
• Crimes Against Humanity


  Includes systematic and widespread attacks against civilian population which leads to serious human rights violations
• Terrorism


  The unlawful use of violence and intimidation against civilians for political gains
• Safari Method


  Where the researcher visits another country
• Demographic Theory


  Is based on belief that with the increase in the childbirth rate, so does emergence of delinquent sub cultures
• Alertness to crime theory


  Peoples alertness to crime is heightened as the society develops or progress
• Alertness to crime theory


  Proactive Policing
• Bureaucratic Societies


  Modern post-industrial societies where the emphasis is upon technique
• Social


  The development of the system of non-governmental organizations as main agents of global public policy
• Industrial


  Is the emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access of consumers and companies to a wider range of foreign and local products
• Ecological


  Global concerns on environmental challenges which include climate change
• Due to market becoming global

  Companies and various industries must upgrade their products
• Global Policing


  Indicates form of policing that are fully global in scope
• Transnational Policing


  Pertains to all forms of policing that transgress national borders
• International Policing


  Indicates types of policing that are formally directed by institutions
• Universalization


  Spreading of new ideas
• Transnational Crime


  Crimes that take place across national borders
• Transnational Crime


  Committed in one state but involves an organized criminal group that engages in criminal act
• Standard Hierarchy


  The most common form of organized group who is led by single leader
• Core Group


  Consist of limited number of individuals who form a group to conduct criminal business
• Clustered Hierarchy


  An association of organized crime groups with a governing or oversight body
• Criminal Network


  Such individuals may not regard themselves as being members of a criminal group
• Human Trafficking


  Criminal activity commonly understood to involve a variety of crimes and abuse associated with the recruitment
• Drug Trafficking


  Transporting unlawful controlled substance