CHAP_3

• Impairment

  • Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
• Disability (formerly known as Intellectual Disability)

  • Measurable impairments or limitation that interferes with a person's ability (physical, sensory, or mental condition) (Schiefelbusch Institute, 1996)
• Handicap 

  • disadvantage that occurs as a result of disability
• Exceptional learners  

  • Learners are different from “NORMAL” or “AVERAGE” learners.  Special needs such as related to cognitive abilities, behavior, social functioning, physical and sensory impairments, emotional disturbance, and giftedness.
• Learners with Special Educational Needs (LSEN)

  • refers to learners who need additional support in their learning
• Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) 

  • those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments that may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis
• INCLUSION  

  • The act or practice of including and accommodating people who have historically been excluded.  (race, gender, sexuality, or ability)
• MAINSTREAM 

  • Attending a regular classroom for their social and academic benefit but expected to learn the same material as the rest of the class. (modifications in the course and adjustments in the assessment)
• INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PLAN (IEP)  

  • Legal document which describes a particular educational program required and designed specifically for a child’s unique requirements and need.
• INTEGRATION

  • Process that aims to unify ordinary and special education with the aim of offering a set of services to all children, based on their learning needs. Birch (1974)
• PLACEMENT IN SPECIAL EDUCATION

  • The amount of time and type of curriculum or activity in each school day that a student spends in the SPECIAL or  GENERAL education classroom
• CLASSROOM

  •  A room in a school where groups of students are taught
• ACCOMMODATIONS 

  • Giving minimal assistance to the Learner with Special Educational Needs (LSEN), but using the same task as everyone else (“leveling the playing field”)
• MODIFICATIONS 

  • Changing some parts of the task to help the LSEN (“changing the playing field”)
• Models of Disability Personal Tragedy Model

  1. MEDICAL (BIOMEDICAL) MODEL Disability as a disease
  2. Disability as a disease
  3. SOCIAL MODEL
  4. Disability is the product of social condition
  5. Surrounding society and environment are more limiting than the disability itself
• HISTORY OF DISABILITY

  1. Era of Extermination
  2. Era of Ridicule
  3. Era of Asylum
  4. Era of Beginning
• Practice of Inclusive Education

  Key Developments:

  1. Alternative Learning System (ALS)
  2. Schools for the handicapped
  3. Distance learning modalities
• RA 3562 

  • An Act to Promote the Education of The Blind in the Philippines (1962)
• RA 5250 

  • Act Establishing A Ten-Year Training Program For Teachers of Special And Exceptional
• PD 603 s. 1974 

  • The Child and Youth Welfare Code
• RA 9344 

  • amended PD 603 Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006
• BATAS PAMBANSA 232 Education Act 1982

  • Specialized Educational Services
• Three Pioneers of SPED

  1. Pedro Ponce de Leon - Educated Deaf people from the noble class
  2. Abbe Charles Michel D L’Epee - Institute for the Deaf
  3. Louis Braille - Tactile system of reading and writing for the blind