HA

• where trunk and lower limbs meet

  means “basin”

  PELVIS
• composition of bony pelvis

  hip bones (2)

  sacrum

  coccyx
• 2 regions by the pelvic brim

  FALSE (greater pelvis)

  TRUE (lesser pelvis)
• pelvic brim border (POSTERIOR)

  sacral promontory
• pelvic brim border (LATERAL)

  iliopectineal lines
• pelvic brim border (ANTERIOR)


  symphysis pubis
• related to the inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx

  has inlet and outlet


  TRUE (lesser pelvis)
• superior region of the pelvis

  FALSE (greater pelvis)
• very strong synovial joints

  between sacrum and iliac bones

  SACROILIAC
• cartilaginous joints

  between pubic bones in medial plane

  SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
• cartilaginous joint

  between sacrum and coccyx

  SACROCOCCYGEAL
• bowl-shaped

  enclosed by the true pelvis

  PELVIC CAVITY
• composition of pelvic cavity

  pelvic inlet

  pelvic outlet

  pelvic walls

  pelvic floors
• inferior to the pelvic cavity

  PERINEUM
• contains external genitalia and external openings of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems

  PERINEUM
• contain and support bladder, rectum, anal canal, and reproductive tracts


  function of pelvis and perineum
• anchor roots of the external genitalia


  function of pelvis and perineum
• somewhat HEART-SHAPED


  PELVIC INLET
• somewhat DIAMOND-SHAPED


  PELVIC OUTLET
• separates pelvic cavity from perineum

  PELVIC FLOOR
• formed by muscle and fascia

  PELVIC FLOOR
• hemorrhoids 


  abnormality of rectum and anus
• skin tags


  abnormality of rectum and anus
• anal fissures


  abnormality of rectum and anus
• anal warts


  abnormality of rectum and anus
• important in fecal continence

  hemorrhoids
• problem arise when swollen

  hemorrhoids
• swollen SUPERIOR rectal vein

  PAINLESS

  hemorrhoids (INTERNAL)
• swollen INFERIOR rectal vein

  PAINFUL

  hemorrhoids (EXTERNAL)
• small, soft, skin-colored growths

  hang on skin

  HARMLESS

  SKIN TAGS
• TEARS in the lining of the lower rectum

  painful during bowel movements

  ANAL FISSURES
• caused by HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS types 6 and 8

  rarely cancerous

  ANAL WARTS
• another name for anogenital warts

  CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA
• reversal of net absorptive status of water and electrolytes into secretion

  DIARRHEA
• passage of loose stool

  usually abrupt and at least three episodes per day


  DIARRHEA
• SYMPTOM not a disease

  painful straining (TENESMUS)

  lumpy or hard stools

  fewer than 3 bowel movements per week

  CONSTIPATION
• black, tarry stool

  caused by internal bleeding (ulcers)

  MELENA
• upper GI bleeding

  requires at least 50-60 mL of blood to turn stools black

  MELENA
• passage of fresh blood through the anus

  hematochezia
• problem in the biliary system

  lack of bile salts

  ACHOLIC STOOLS