Eng. for Academic and Professional Purposes

• INTRODUCTION

  • Thesis Statement
  • Basic details
  • A hook
• BODY

  • The relationship of subject, movements, and characters.
  • Identify some of the points (specific scene, figure, movement)
  • The movements, acts, lines, or elements that are distinct to the work, performance, or event
  • Relationship of the work to other ideas and events in the world
  • Aspects that make the art, event, or place
  • The analysis of the work
  • The main points
• Conclusion

  • Recommendation
  • Comparisons to a similar work
  • The significance of the event/work
  • A summary of the key reasons identified during the critical evaluation, why this evaluation formed
  • A statement indicating the overall evaluation of the work
• Definition


  The method of identifying a given term and making its meaning clearer. Its main purpose is to answer the question, "What does it mean?" This mode of explanation contains the term to be defined and the detailed exposition of the term through the use of illustration, examples and description
• Signal words used in definition

  • Refers to
  • is known as
  • is defined as
  • Means
  • as defined
  • to illustrate
• Informal definition


  A parenthetical or brief explanation
• Formal definition


  Explains a term by incorporating a pattern: species (the term being defined), genus (the general category/group to where the term belongs), differentia (the quality which makes the term different from other terms in the same category/group)
• Extended definition


  A detailed way of defining a term, usually composed of at least one paragraph. This type of definition incorporates various patterns of development such as formal and informal definition, comparison and contrast, narration, description, classification, functional analysis, process, analogy, and cause and effect to explain a given concept.
• Explication


  A method of explanation in which sentences, verses, quotes or passages are taken from literary or academic work and then interpreted and explained in a detailed way. It involves presenting a thesis, detailed analysis/interpretation, and a concise conclusion.
• Clarification


  A method of explanation in which the points are organized from a general abstract to specific and concrete examples. It entails the analysis of the concept by looking and the examples and specifying some of its characteristics to arrive at one working definition which can be used throughout the paper.
• Concept paper


  Enables putting thoughts and ideas into paper for consideration for research. It is from the concept paper that one develops the research proposal which can either be business or academic oriented.
• Concept papers usually range from 500 to 2,000 words and are usually divided into several parts. The format and design required by the funding agency needs to be followed.
• Parts of a concept paper for a project

  • Cover page
  • Introduction
  • Rationale or background
  • Project descriptions
  • Project needs and cost
• Parts of a concept paper for academic research

  • Title page
  • Background of the study
  • Preliminary literature review
  • Statement of the problem/objectives
  • Abridged methodology
  • Timeline
  • References
• Guidelines in writing a concept paper

  • Cost and methodology should be reasonable
  • The budget, methodology, and timeline should be clearly aligned
  • Use statistics and figures when discussing the rationale for the project
  • Use no more than five pages (single-spaced) excluding the cover page. Do not overwhelm the readers with details
  • Never request funding for planning the proposal
  • Adjust your language to the intended readers
  • Include the overview of the budget if it is required. If not, then skip the budget section
  • Be sure that basic format details, such as page numbers, are incorporated. Cite your references
• Visual/graphic aid


  Presentation enhancers that can increase the audience's understanding of the topic, explain points, make an impact and create enthusiasm
• Types of visual/graphic aids

  • Charts
  • Tables
  • Graphs
  • Diagrams
  • Visual images
  • Maps
• Charts


  Use lines, boxes, and arrows to present data. Their principal purpose is to show ranks, levels, classifications and orders.
• Tables


  A systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns for ready reference.
• Graphs


  Meant to be focused on the data in question and how they trend. They have exact numerical figures shown on axes, usually organized on the left and at the bottom of the graph.
• Diagrams


  A drawing that shows arrangements and relations. A graphic design that explains rather than represents.
• Visual images


  Pictures or photographs that can support and add information to reports and concept papers.
• Maps


  Can be a common addition to reports especially when presenting data about places or areas. They can break the monotony of numbers in a presentation.
• Genus (the general category/group to where the term belongs)
• Species (the term being defined)
• Differentia (the quality which makes the term different from other terms in the same category/group)