B7 biology🌱

• what does habitat mean ?

  environment which organisms live in
• what is a population ?

  total number of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area
• what is a community ?

  populations of all the different species living in the same habitat
• what does biotic mean ?

  living
• what does abiotic mean ?

  non living
• what is an ecosystem ?

  both the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact
• what do plants compete each other for ?

  light, space, water and mineral ions
• what do animals compete for each other ?

  compete for food and water for mating partners and for territory
• what is interdependence ?

  different species in a community depend on each other
• what would happen without bees ?

  plants will not get pollinated and unable to reproduce
• what is a stable community ?

  all the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain constant
• what are biotic factors ?

  1. food
  2. new predator
  3. new pathogens
  4. one specie outcompeting another so cant breed
• how can a change in biotic factor food affect a community ?

  if food falls then the number of organisms in that community also fall
• how can a change in the biotic factor new predator affect a community ?

  cause a population of a prey specie to fall and effect existing predators
• how can a change in the biotic factor competition affect a community ?

  if a specie is outcompeted it’s population can fall so much that there isn’t enough to breed
• how can a change in the biotic factor new pathogens affect a community ?

  it can wipe out a population
• what are abiotic factors ?

  1. light intensity
  2. temperature
  3. moisture levels
  4. soil PH and mineral content
  5. wind intensity
  6. carbon dioxide levels for plants
  7. oxygen levels for aquatic animals
• how can a change in the abiotic factor PH and mineral content affect a community ?

  plants can’t grow on soil too acidic or too alkaline and need minerals
• what minerals are in plants ?

  nitrate for to make amino acids for proteins
• how can a change in the abiotic factor oxygen levels in aquatic animals affect a community ?

  level can fall eg hot days and can be harmful
• what are structural adaptations ?

  body shape or body structure
• what are functional adaptations ?

  adaptations to the body functions of an organism
• what are behavioural adaptations ?

  to animals lifestyle or behaviour
• examples of adaptations in animals in cold climates

  1. thick fur coat to insulate
  2. layer of blubber under skin
  3. white fur = camouflage
  4. small ears = prevent heat loss and surface area
  5. large feet = distribute weight across the snow
• examples of adaptations in animals in hot climates

  1. large thin ears = radiate heat away
  2. little body fat
  3. thin silky fur
  4. camouflaged fur to dessert
  5. active in cooler parts of day
  6. long limbs to spread heat
• examples of adaptations in plants in hot climates

  1. spines to protect from being eaten + water loss
  2. plants grow slower so require less energy
  3. flowers open at night to lure pollinators who tend to be active at night
• examples of adaptations in plants in cold climates

  1. plants are small to avoid wind
  2. small waxy leaves
  3. some plants grow in clumps for protection
• what are extremophiles ?

  organisms that live in extreme conditions that would kill other creatures
• what conditions can extremophiles live in ?

  1. high temperature
  2. high pressure
  3. high salt concentration
• in the sea what could the producer be ?

  algae such as seaweed
• what are producers ?

  starts at every food chain and typically a green plant
• what is the function of producers ?

  synthesise complex molecules
• what are organisms that eat producers ?

  primary consumers
• what are organisms that eat primary consumers ?

  secondary consumers
• what are organisms that eat secondary consumers ?

  tertiary consumers
• what are predators ?

  consumers that eat other animals
• what is the prey ? 


  consumer being eaten by the predator
• what is random sampling ? 


  used to compare the number of organisms in different areas
• what is a quadrat ?

  wooden or plastic square

  
• how do you calculate the total population size ?

  total area/area sampled × number organisms in sample