LECTURE 4 dr. Stevent

• Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity


  Disease caused by immune responses
• Types of hypersensitivity reaction

  • Immune-mediated inflammatory disease
  • Antibody mediated disease
• Types of antibody-mediated diseases

  • Effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated disease
  • Examples of Antibody Mediated Disease
  • Immune complex mediated disease
  • Immune Complex–Mediated Diseases
• Disease caused by t- lymphocytes

  • DISEASES CAUSED BY T LYMPHOCYTES
  • Examples of T-cell Mediated Diseases
• Immune hypersensitivity in real life
• Granulomatous formation by M. tuberculosis
• Immediate hypersensitivity (Allergy)


  • Allergic reaction mediated by mast cell/basophil
  • Allergic reaction mediated by eosinophil
• Transplantation


  The process of taking cells, tissues, or organs, called a graft, from one individual and placing them into a (usually) different individual
• Transplantation immunology


  • The immune response against grafted tissues was the major barrier to transplantation
• Direct and indirect alloantigen recognition

  1. Activation of alloreactive T cells

  2. Immune mechanisms of graft rejection
• Routinely Conducted Transplantation


  • ABO blood group antigens
• Tumor immunity


  • Tumors stimulate specific adaptive immune responses
  • Immune responses frequently fail to prevent the growth of tumors
  • The immune system can be activated to effectively kill tumor cells and eradicate tumors
• Principal mechanism of adaptive immune protection against tumors

  Killing of tumor cells by CD8+ CTLs
• Immunotherapy for tumors


  Augment the weak host immune response to the tumors (active immunity) OR To administer tumor-specific antibodies or T cells, a form of passive immunity
• Immunodeficiency


  The principal consequence of immunodeficiency is an increased susceptibility to infection
• Types of immunodeficiency


  • Congenital Immunodeficiency Syndromes
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes
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