industrial

• how big was a house

  10 people in the size of 1 room so ventilation was difficult
• why was industrial food bad

  it was filled with inedible substances to make them look more pleasing
• what did bread contain

  sawdust
• what did sweets contain

  copper, lead and arsenate
• what did Edwin Chadwick do

  he made a report to increase basic cleanliness in poor households to stop them dying
• what was Chadwick's report called

  The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population
• when was The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population written

  1842
• when was the first Public Health Act


  1848
• what did the first Public Health Act do

  Created local boards of health, new houses built, medical officers appointed and encouraged vaccination
• what was the average age of death in 1800-1850


  30
• what was the average age of death in 1850-1900


  60
• who was Dr John Snow


  the Queens Physician
• what did Dr John Snow do

  Noted that all the victims of cholera lived near the same water pump in Broad Street, Soho, London. He removed the pump handle so people had to use a different one. The outbreak stopped. he later found that a street toilet was leaking into the pump's water source
• what did Dr John Snow decide from his investigation into the water pump

  that cholera was a waterborne disease but could not explain why but mapped london for cholera
• when did Dr John Snow discover cholera

  1848-1854
• who was Joseph Bazalgette


  a victorian engineer
• what did Bazalgette do

  1853- given £3 million by the government to send waste to the sea

  1855- drew plans for sewers in London

  1866- finished all the sewers
• how many bricks were used to build the sewers

  318 million
• why was Bazalgette hired to build the sewers

  after the great stink
• what was the Great Stink


  the river thames was so full of sewage and the weather was so hot that it made the sewage smell worse
• when was the Great Stink

  1858
• when was the second Public Health Act


  1875
• what was the second Public Health Act

  It was compulsory, clean water had to be provided, build sewage systems, appoint a medical officer to ensure and had power to punish, and mandatory vaccinations
• when was Germ Theory


  1861
• when was the Housing Act


  1875
• what was the Housing Act

  slums had to be sold to councils who provided compensation, there were lower than normal interest rates from the government, and to demolish some slums to make room for houses
• when was the Sale of Food and Drugs act


  1875
• what was the Sale of Food and Drugs act

  prevented harmful additions to ingredients of foods to prevent more deaths
• who was Louis Pasteur


  made germ theory
• what did Louis Pasteur do from 1861-64


  introduced safe milk and alcohol by heating it to kill microbes and germs and developing Germ Theory
• what did Louis Pasteur do from 1865-75


  tried to discover how cholera worked
• what did Louis Pasteur do from 1880 onwards


  found a vaccine for chicken cholera
• who was Robert Koch


  German scientist who built on Pasteur's work
• what did Koch do from 1876-1879


  he investigated anthrax and discovered the bacterias causing it
• what did Koch do from 1880 onwards


  was the first man to discover specific germs
• what germs did Koch discover

  Diptheria, Cholera, tuberculosis, whooping cough and pneumonia
• what was inoculation


  Deliberately infecting oneself with a disease to become immune
• who introduced inoculation to Britain


  Lady Mary Wortley Montigue - King George I allowed two of his grandchildren to be inoculated using her method
• when was inoculation introduced to Britain

  1721
• who was Edward Jenner


  A country doctor in Gloucestershire