RESEARCH

• Evidence-Based Practice


  • Six steps of EBP:
  • Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
  • Ask clinical questions
  • Search for the best evidence
  • Critically appraise evidence
  • Integrate evidence with clinical expertise and client/family preferences
  • Implement, evaluate outcomes of intervention

  
• Evidence-Based Practice


  Collecting, processing, and implementing
• Research

  Formal and systematic process to address problems and answer questions
• Concerns of reliance on research


  • Controlled circumstances different from real world of health care delivery
  • One-size-fits-all solution
  • May ignore significance of life events to individual
• Concerns of reliance on research


  • Not all research robust and flawless
  • EBP should promote cost-effective care, but this is often not included in traditional studies
• Accrediting organizations require all baccalaureate and higher programs to include research and EBP
• Journal Nursing Research first published in 1952
• National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
• Quantitative research


  • Systematic collection
  • Statistical analysis
  • Interpretation of numerical data
  • Attention to extraneous variables
  • Truth discovered by careful measurement

  
• Qualitative research


  • Systematic collection
  • Thematic analysis of narrative data
  • Analyze words, not numbers
  • Reality is relative
  • Explores human experiences
• Qualitative traditions


  • Phenomenology-focuses on the study of an individual's lived experiences within the world
  • Ethnography-researchers observe and/or interact with a study's participants in their real-life environment
  • Grounded theory-set of systematic inductive methods for conducting qualitative research aimed toward theory development
• Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Approaches

  
• Overview of Research Process

  1. Formulating the research problem and purpose

  2. Determining study methods

  3. Collecting research data

  4. Analyzing data

  5. Communicating research findings
• Formulating the research problem and purpose

  • Purpose of study
  • PICO format
  • Dependent variable
  • Independent variable
  • Hypothesis

  
• Determining study methods


  • Methodology
  • Logistics or mechanics
  • Research design
  • Experimental or nonexperimental
  • Sample
  • Target population
  • Pilot study
• Collecting research data


  • Protocols
  • Reliability
  • Validity
• Analyzing data


  • Descriptive statistics
  • Measures of central tendency
  • Measures of variability
  • Inferential statistics
  • Statistically significant finding
  • Content analysis
• Communicating research findings


  1. Publication in journals, conferences

  2. Small-scale projects

  3. Using research findings in practice

  4. Scientific validation

  5. Comparative analysis

  6. Cost–benefit analysis
• The research process. When the effects of using research findings to guide practice are evaluated, the research process begins all over again.
• Research-Related Roles and Responsibilities for Nurses

  • Research consumer
  • Research team member
• Research consumer


  • Locating research literatures
  • Critiquing research reports
• Characteristics of an Ideal Study
• Research team member


  • Working directly with clients can allow valuable contribution to research
  • Protecting the rights of study participants
• It is important for clients to be fully informed before they participate in a research study.