MAPEH IX

• Opera


  A musical composition having all or most of its text set to music with arias, recitative, choruses, duets, trios
• Bel Canto


  Opera technique meaning "beautiful singing"
• Overture


  An instrumental composition that serves as an introduction to an opera
• Art song


  A musical composition for solo voice and piano accompaniment, inspired by poetry from the Romantic period
• Piano


  Used as an accompaniment for an art song
• Components of an opera


  • Libretto - the text of an opera, containing the story or plot
  • Score - the book with musical notes, words and ideas to help performers tell the story
  • Recitative - declamatory singing used in prose parts and dialogue
  • Aria - an air or solo singing part sung by a principal character
• Opera singing techniques


  • Singers traditionally use more vibrato, a slow, cyclic variation or wobble in pitch
  • Main languages to focus on are Italian, French, and German
  • Singers use "resonance tuning"
  • Singers should sing bel canto
• Male voice types


  • Tenor - highest male voice
  • Baritone - middle male voice, between bass and tenor
  • Bass - lowest male voice
• Female voice types

  • Soprano - highest female voice
  • Coloratura - highest soprano voice
  • Mezzo-soprano - most common female voice, strong middle voice
  • Contralto - lowest female voice, most unique among female
• Verdi


  His characters are ordinary people, not royalty like in German operas. His operas are serious love stories with unhappy endings. Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera. Created "La Traviata".
• Puccini


  Belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism. Famous operas include "La Boheme", "Tosca", "Madame Butterfly", and "Turandot".
• Schubert


  The proper name for his songs is "lieder", which is German for songs. He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann Goethe. Considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first Romantic ones. Famous vocal works include "Gretchen am Spinnrade", "Erlkönig", "Ellens Gesang III" ("Ave Maria") and "Schwanengesang" ("Swan Song").
• Wagner


  Introduced new ideas in harmony and form, including extremes of chromaticism. Had a revolutionary influence on the course of Western music.
• Bizet


  Best remembered for his opera "Carmen" (1875).
• William Tell Overture


  Overture that depicts the story of a Swiss patriot and revolutionary, composed by Gioachino Rossini.