Actus Reus

• Hill V Baxter (voluntary act)

  an involuntary action does not form the actus reus of a crime
• R V Gibbins and Proctor (special relationship)

  when a parent or stepparent fail to adequately care and provide for the child this may form the actus reus of a crime.
• R V Stone and Dobinson (Voluntary assumption of care)

  Person can take on responsibility for another and create liability for an omission if they fail to fulfill the duty.
• R V Pittwood (contractual duty)

  Contractual duty creates criminal liability for an omission where the defendant failed to act as required.
• R V Dytham (Public position)

  Public position created liability for an omission - police officer watched man be kicked to death and took no steps to intervene
• R V Miller (Dangerous situation)

  Squatter fell asleep on mattress whilst smoking a cigarette and woke up with flames surrounding him but he just moved rooms and went back to sleep.