My Genes Control my Traits

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Cards (12)

  • Traits of individuals are inherited through chromosomes
  • Chromosomes

    Made up of DNA molecules coiled around histones
  • Punnett square

    • A table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given
    • Consists of a square divided into four quadrants
  • Punnett square example
    • Cross both heterozygous alleles
    • 25% Homozygous Dominant
    • 50% Heterozygous
    • 25% Homozygous Recessive
  • Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
    • The Law of Dominance
    • The Law of Segregation
    • Law of independent assortment
  • Mendel's Law of Dominance

    • The offspring always exhibits a dominant trait
    • From the two alleles received from parents, the only dominant allele is expressed
  • Mendel's Law of Segregation

    • The two copies of each chromosome will be separated from each other, causing the two distinct alleles located on those chromosomes to segregate from one another
  • Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

    • Genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes
    • Every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur
  • Mendel's Contributions to Genetics
    • Unit factors in pairs – The genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms
    • Dominance and recessiveness – When two unlike unit factors responsible for a single trait are present in an individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive
    • Segregation – During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors segregate randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood
    • Independent assortment – During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors are assorted independently of each other
  • The term gene is used to describe the specific sequence of DNA containing the information codes for a protein
  • GENOTYPE

    is an organism's genetic information
  • PHENOTYPE

    is the set of observable physical traits.