NCM 109: High Risk Pregnancy (2)

• Varicocele

  • Enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testicle (scrotum)
• Varicocele

  • is similar to a varicose vein you might see in your leg
• Varicocele

  • Common cause of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility
• Varicocele

  • Cause testicles to fail to develop normally or shrink
• Varicocele

  • Often can be repaired surgically
• Pathophysiology of Varicocele

  • Impaired perfusion
  • Pressure, oxygen deprivation, heat injury and toxin
  • Impair spermatogenesis
  • Infertility
• Symptoms of Varicocele

  • Often produce no signs or symptoms
• Symptoms of Varicocele

  • Sharp to dull discomfort
  • Increase with standing or physical exertion
• Varicocele

  • Non tender mass above your testicle that looks like a bag of worms
• Varicocele

  • Swollen of testicle, almost always on the left
• Cause of Varicocele

  • Spermatic cord carries blood to and from your testicle (Not certain)
• Complications of Varicocele

  • Shrinkage of the affected testicle (atrophy) - when damaged the sperm-producing tubules
• Complications of Varicocele

  • Infertility - Temperature is too high that affect sperm formation, movement (motility) and function
• Valsalva Maneuver

  • Take a deep breath and hold it while you bear down
• Scrotal Ultrasound

  • Uses high frequency waves to create precise images of structure
• Breast Cancer

  • Cancer that forms in the cells of the breast
• Angiosarcoma

  • Cancer that form in the lining of the blood vessels and lymph vessels
• Location of Angiosarcoma

  • Anywhere in the body but ,Occurs mostly in the head and neck
• Treatment for Angiosarcoma

  • Radiation Therapy,
• Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

  • Presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct in the breast
• Treatment for DCIS

  • Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation therapy
• Inflammatory breast cancer

  • Cancer that develop rapidly, making the breast red, swollen, and tender
• Inflammatory breast cancer

  • Occurs when cancer calls block the lymphatic vessels covering the breasr
• Invasive lobular carcinoma

  • Breast cancer that begins in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast
• Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

  • Uncommon condition in which abnormal cells form in the milk glands (lobules) in the breast. Not cancerous but can lead to caner
• Male breast cancer

  • Common in older men that forms in the breast tissue of men
• Treatment of Male breast cancer

  • Surgery to remove the breast tissue
• Paget's disease of the breast

  • Occurs 5o age older woman, that starts on the nipple and extend to the areola around the nipple
• Recurrent Breast cancer

  • Breast cancer that comeback after initial treatment for months or years in the same places
• Treatment for Male breast cancer

  • May eliminate local, regional or distant recurrent breast cancer. Even cure isn't possible
• Symptoms of Male breast cancer

  • Breast lump
  • Dimpling - Changes skin over
  • Inverted nipple
  • Redness or pitting like a skin of an orange (Peaud' orange)
• Inherited breast cancer

  • 5 to 10% are linked to gene mutation passed through generations of a family
• Uterine Cancer

  • malignant growth of any cells that comprise uterine tissue