Politics paper one key facts

• Manchester mayoral election turnout: 35 %
• in 2015 other parties won 35 % of the vote but 11 % of seats
• in 2019 the two main parties won 76 % of the vote but 87 % of the seats
• in 2017 the two main parties won 82 % of votes but 89 % of seats
• in 2010 the lib dems won 57 seats and 23 % of the vote and joined a coalition
• in 2015 other parties won 35 % of the vote but 11 % of seats
• creation of London mayor approved by 72 %
• creation of Scottish parliament 74 % yes with 60 % turnout
• 2004 regional assembly 78 % against
• in 1970 89 % voted for the 2 main parties
• in the 1960s the conservatives won 78% of AB voters
• in the 1960s labour won 64 % of the DE
• in 1964 90 % of voters identify with a party
• now only 13 % identify with a party
• in 2010 only 38 % of voters where class based
• in 2010 only 65 % voted for two main parties
• 18-24s vote labour at 64%
• 65+ vote tory at 65%
• 18-24s remain : 71 % while 65+ leave: 65 %
• 65+ more likely to vote at 78% turnout
• 79% of 18-24s relied on online news
• sun circulated 3.8 million copies in 1997 in 2020 it circulated 1.25
• 1 line whip: attendance of MP is requested. 2 line whip: attendance is necessary. 3 line whip: divisions with take place and attendance by 8:30 pm is essential (if voted against MP loses party support).
• 1998 house of lords act: reduced the amount of lords to 800 and only 92 hereditary peers left. Allowed lords to voluntarily retire or resign and be expelled due to criminal convictions or breach of code. Hereditary peers no longer have the right to sit and vote (92 remained as compromise). Made the house far more bipartisan.
• other attempts at House of Lords reform: 2003 and 2007 and coalition 2012. none achieved a majority (91 conservatives refused to support the bill and Cameron abandoned it).
• secondary legislation: legislation made by ministers and devolved bodies without the approval of parliament. (scrutinised by the house of lords)
• 2003 House of Lords reform attempt


  An attempt to introduce a 100% elected House of Lords, but it didn't receive majority support.
• Coalition 2012 House of Lords reform attempt


  A joint effort by the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats to reform the House of Lords, but it was abandoned due to the refusal of 91 Conservative MPs to support the bill.
• 67% turnout and a conservative majority of 365 seats. (2019)
• 63% turnout, last election was a SNP government of 64 seats. (2021)
• labour majority of 30 seats, AMS, 46% turnout. (2021)
• Number of voters per MP (2015)·      Tory: 34,000·      Labour: 40,000·      UKIP: 3.8 million·      Green: 1.5 million
• 68% against AV
• UKIP 12.5% of votes but only 1 seat. (2015)
• Labour and conservatives won 87% of constituencies in 2017
• 22 million votes wasted (2019)
• 2015 conservatives got 51% of seats with 37% of votes
• BREXIT (51.9% yes), AV (68% no), EEC(67.2% stay), Scottish independence (55% stay).
• Participation of: Scottish independence: 84%

  BREXIT: 72% 
• labour receive 70% of donations from trade unions