methods by which surveillance is carried out, including technology such as cctv, tagging and databases that produce profiles of individuals and groups
what does foucault argue?
in modern society, we are increasingly controlled through self-surveillance, through what he calls ‘disciplinary power’
what was the name of the prison foucault designed?
the panopticon
how is the panopticon designed?
prisoners’ cells are visible to the guards from a central viewing point but prisoners cannot see the guards. therefore, not knowing if they are being watched, the prisoners must constantly behave as if they are
what does mathiesen argue?
we now have surveillance from below. he calls this the ‘synopticon’ - where everybody watches everybody
where does the term ‘actuarial’ come from?
the insurance industry; an actuary is someone who calculates the risk of certain events happening
what do feeley and simon see actuarial justice as a new form of?
surveillance - its aim is to predict and prevent future offending. it uses statistical information to reduce crime by compiling profiles of likely offenders