AS100 | Lec 11: Animal Health and Control of Diseases

• refers to the physical and physiological well-being of animals

  animal health
• According to the OIE, it means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives

  animal welfare
• an animal is in a good state of welfare if he/she is:

  • healthy
  • well nourished
  • safe
  • able to express innate behavior
  • not suffering from unpleasant states (pain, fear, and distress)
• are often used as a framework to assess animal welfare

  The Five Freedoms
• The Five Freedoms

  1. Freedom from hunger and thirst
  2. Freedom from discomfort
  3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease
  4. Freedom to express normal behavior
  5. Freedom from fear and distress
• what is the literal definition of disease?

  lack of ease
• is any deviation from normal health in which there is marked physiological, anatomical, or chemical changes in the animal’s body

  disease
• diseases can be regarded as such if they can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

  infectious disease
• diseases that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact are sometimes called...

  contagious
• diseases that are caused by factors other than living organisms

  non-infectious diseases
• causative agents of disease:

  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • protozoa
  • parasites
  • fungi
• like viruses, can multiply, only in living cells

  rickettsia
• round or oval shaped cells

  cocci
• rod shaped cells

  bacilli
• long cells twisted into spirals

  spirilla
• PROKARYOTIC organisms that are small, single-celled commonly visible under the ordinary microscope

  bacteria
• what is the protein coat of the virus that surrounds it nucleic acid?

  capsid
• TRUE or FALSE | viruses are non-cellular

  TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE | viruses have a nucleus

  FALSE
• TRUE OR FALSE | viruses have no organelles and cytoplasm

  TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE | viruses are not considered to be living beings

  TRUE
• are EUKARYOTIC, single-celled organisms

  protozoa
• protozoa can move by:

  • cilia
  • flagella
  • ameboid movement
• tiny hair like structures that cover the outside of the microbe

  cilia
• long thread-like structures that extend from the cell surface

  flagella
• the organism moves by sending out pseudopodia, temporary protrusions that fill with cytoplasm that flows from the body of the cell


  ameboid movement
• Organisms that live in or on other organisms (hosts) and competes with them for nutrients

  parasites
• parasites that briefly visits their hosts for nourishment but not dependent upon them for either nourishment or shelter

  optional occasional parasites
• parasites that do not permanently live upon their host but dependent upon them for nourishment and to some extent for shelter

  obligate occasional parasite
• parasitism is limited to a stage in their life cycle

  determinate transitory parasite
• parasitism occurs from the time of hatching of the eggs to the time the eggs are produced by the adult

  permanent parasites
• parasitism that occur in organs far remote from their normal location

  erratic parasites
• parasitism that can exist both as free living and as parasites

  facultative parasites
• parasites that live on the surface of the body

  ectoparasite
• parasites that live inside the body of the host

  endoparasite
• how many fungal species are pathogenic to humans?

  400
• are eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic organisms that obtain nutrients through absorption

  fungi
• TRUE OR FALSE | fungi are resistant to antimicrobial drugs

  TRUE
• are multicellular organisms that grow as branching filaments called hyphae


  Moulds
• are unicellular and have an oval or spherical appearance 


  yeasts