(9.1)Species Diversity and it's effects

• energy - all living things in the ecosystem need ______
• producers - other organisms depend on _________ as their energy source
• entropy - The transfer of energy loses most of its usable energy as heat; thus, energy never returns to the sun, and therefore it is impossible for energy to cycle because it dissipates into the surrounding; this process is called _______
• All matter in the ecosystem are made up of tiny particles called atoms
• The atoms make up molecules which both living and nonliving things are made of
• The Food Chain is comprised of trophic levels in which the energy is transformed
• Energy from sunlight is the ultimate source of energy on planet earth
• Food chain is the transfer of food energy
• Producers


  Green plants can manufacture organic compounds as sources of energy and nutrients
• Consumers


  Get their nutrients and energy by feeding directly or indirectly on plants
• Herbivores


  Animals or insects whose primary food source is plants such as grasses, leaves, fruits, and vegetables
• Food web refers to the interconnected or interlocking relationship among various food chain in an ecosystem
• Carnivores


  Secondary consumers which feed on plant-eating animals
• Omnivores


  Tertiary consumers, which feed on plants, herbivores, and carnivores
• Decomposers


  Bacteria and fungi that break down dead tissue or wastes and absorb their soluble nutrients
• Food chain is the transfer of food energy from the producers to various consumers in a series of sequential or linked steps
• Survival of organisms in changing environments

  • Water
  • Temperature
  • Light
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Chemical components
• Food chain


  A series of organisms where each uses the next, usually lower, member of the series as a food source
• All organisms have basic needs. They need air, water, and nutrients
• Water


  The most essential abiotic factor which helps most living things survive
• Temperature


  The heat and cold equilibrium in combination with many environmental factors that governs several physiological and biological process of the earth
• Plants utilize light for the process of photosynthesis where light energy is converted into complex organic substances essential for growth and reproduction.
• Chemical components, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, are essential elements of life. Out of the 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth, 25 of which are found in living things.
• Adaptation - It is the result of evolution in which species undergo changes over a long period of time
• Atmospheric pressure is due to the gravitational force of Earth
• Structural adaptation refers to the physical characteristics of an organism that help them to survive in its ecosystem
• Hibernate


  During winter, in some parts of the world, some mammals hibernate because of cold weather; they need to be safe from cold weather that could freeze them to death
• Estivation


  On other hand, animals that live in deserts like squirrels and some insects go into a kind of deep sleep during summer instead. This sleep is called ----
• Species Diversity

  • It refers to the different species within a region or community
  • The number of species in a region or community possesses genetic variation and distribution.
  • Many species live on land than in the sea.
• Genetic Diversity - It refers to the variation of genes within species.
• Ecosystem Diversity - refers to the different biomes which are called the world's major communities which are characterized by adaptations of organisms in a particular environment. Deserts, marine, tundra, grassland, and tropical rain forests are examples of biomes.