NCM 116 LECTURE

• Dermolipoma


  Congenital tumor that manifests as a smooth, rounded growth in the conjunctiva near the lateral canthus
• Molluscum contagiosum


  Flat, symmetric growths along the lid margin caused by a virus and can only be treated with surgery to prevent an infectious process
• Rhabdomyosarcoma


  • Most common malignant primary orbital tumor in childhood
  • Symptoms include sudden painless proptosis of one eye (first), lid swelling and conjunctival chemosis and impairment of ocular motility
• Superficial tumors


  Tumors that can be identified by external presentation, palpation and x-rays
• Basal cell carcinoma


  • Appears as a painless nodule that may ulcerate
  • Lesion is invasive, spreads to surrounding tissues, and grows slowly but does not metastasize
• It is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the world - age related Macular Degeneration

  This is a type of AMD that is abrupt or onset - wet or exudative or neovascular
• 2 complication of central retinal vein occlusion

  - macular edema

  - Neovascular glaucoma
• 1.is a sensitivity or intolerance to light. It can range from mild discomfort to severe pain in response to light exposure, and it's often associated with conditions like migraines, eye infections, or certain neurological disorders. - photophobia
• 2.refers to the feeling of having something in your eye that isn't actually there- foreign body sensation
• an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, an ancient disease and the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world (Norris, 2019). - TRACHOMA
• a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs as part of allergic rhinitis (hay fever), or it can be an independent allergic reaction. - ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
• Inflammation of Uvea- uveitis
• Inflammation of the anterior chamber - Iritis
• It is an infection of the fat and muscles around the eye. It affects the eyelids,eyebrows, and cheeks. - ORBITAL CELLULITIS
• It is a type of infection that is common in young children, under the age of 7. And it is now rare due to a vaccine that helps prevent this infection. -HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
• contusions with subconjuctival hemorrhage(black eye)–soft tissue injury to the eyelid or by underlying fracture closed injuries
• this is associated with head injuries and you need to stabilize general medical condition first before assessment. orbital trauma
• is a leading cause of blindness among children and young adults, especially male trauma victims. Occurs with occupational injuries (eg. construction industry, contact sports, weapons and etc.) - OCULAR TRAUMA
• When there is a foreign object in the eye no attempt should be made to remove the foreign object.
• The first response when there is chemical ocular burns, the eye should be immediately irrigated with tap water or normal saline
• It is Used to cleanse the external lids to maintain lid hygiene, to irrigate the external corneal surface to regain normal pH (OCULAR IRRIGANTS AND LUBRICANTS)
• When administering mydriatic and cycloplegic agents the patient is advised to what? (WEAR SUNGLASSES)
• It is the most common cause of retinal inflammation in patients with AIDS. - CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS
• It may be the medication of choice when ganciclovir is ineffective. - FOSCARNET
• HYPEROPIA - medical term of farsightedness MYOPIA - medical term of nearsightedness
• are inherited as autosomal dominant traits and manifest when the person is about 20 years of age - Corneal dystrophies
• It is manifested by a slow death of cells in the endothelial cornea- Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
• It is a procedure that selectively replaces the front part of the cornea when it is scarred or distorted. -ANTERIOR LAMELLAR KERATOPLASTY (ALK)
• It is a procedure that replaces only anterior corneal layers and not Descemet's membrane or endothelial layers for disorders such as keratoconus - DEEP ANTERIOR LAMELLAR KERATOPLASTY (DALK)
• are elective procedures performed to correct the refractive errors - Refractive surgeries
• Used to treat myopia and Hyperopia with or without astigmatism - Laser vision correction photorefractive keratectomy
• 1. Maintains shape of the eye after enucleation/evisceration, prevents contracted and sunken appearance (Orbital Prosthesis)
• LASER SCANNING is an investigative technique that uses a collimated laser beam for imaging the eye.
• COLOR VISION TESTING During this test, your eye doctor will ask you to look at a circle made of many different colored dots. Inside the circle is a shape that's also made of dots - like a number, a letter, or a squiggly line.
• Are small, hard, bony protrusions found in the lower posterior bony portion of the ear canal; they usually occur bilaterally. - EXOSTOSES
• A more serious, although rare, external ear infection. This is a progressive, debilitating, and occasionally fatal infection of the external auditory canal, the surrounding tissue, and the base of the skull. - MALIGNANT EXTERNAL OTITIS
• Refers to an inflammation of the external auditory canal. It is often caused by dermatosis such as psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitis. - EXTERNAL OTITIS
• Most common fungus isolated in both normal and infected ears - ASPERGILLUS
• involves the presence of fluid, without evidence of active infection, in the middle ear- serous otitis media
• a procedure used if the hearing loss associated with middle ear effusion is significant - Myringotomy