applied science unit 3

• What is a hypothesis?


  An Idea that you can test using practical experiments
• What are the Key features of a good hypothesis?

  A good Hypothesis must:

  Be able to be tested scientifically

  Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable
• What is a Null Hypothesis?


  States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction.
• What does qualitative data refer to?


  It refers to the appearance or value of something, such as the colour observed or whether the bubbles are produced.
• What does Quantitative data refer to?


  It refers to numerical measurements made, such as the volumes and times measured.
• What is SOP?


  The Standard Operating Procedure. This is an established procedure or method used to carry out a routine activity. It ensures consistent results every time.
• What are some examples of SOPs?

  Titration, Handling of chemicals, disposal of waste, qualitative analytical tests, preparing solutions
• What are risk assessments?

  It identifies hazards, evaluates the risks associated with those hazards and it determines ways to eliminate or control those risks.
• What is a Hazard?


  When the equipment or substance can cause harm, for example a hot plate or hydrochloric acid
• What is a risk?


  The harm that the hazard could cause and the chances of it happening, for example the risk of using a hot plate is getting burnt.
• What is the independent variable?


  The variables you change during an investigation.
• What is the Dependent variable?


  The variables you are investigating and measure during an investigation.
• What is the control variable?


  The variables you keep constant during an investigation.
• What should a method be?

  A step-by-step set of instructions, Be logically ordered, allows you to take sensible measurements, and allows you to test your hypothesis.
• When planning your method what do you need to make sure?

  That it will procedure a range of results, reliable results, precise results, and accurate results.
• What are some types of data?

  The data can be continuous such as the age of plant ir number of plants. Some data can be a mixture of numbers and names such as the number of different types of plants found in a garden.
• What data is normally displayed on a bar chart?

  Continuous data. You need to make sure its a smooth curve of best fit, and that the curve goes through or near most of the points.
• What are bar charts used for?

  They are used for discrete data but can be used to compare different sets of data.
• What is the Pattern on the graph?


  The shape of the graph. It is the line that goes up as time goes by but eventually levels off
• What is the trend on a graph?

  The relationship between factors on the graph or in the table. The full trend is that the volume increases as the time increases but then levels off after a certain amount of time.
• What is the sample size?


  The number of people sampled in the investigation. To be confident in your conclusions you need a large sample size to give strong evidence.
• What is Primary data?


  This is the data that you have gathered for yourself through the experiments or investigations .
• What is secondary data?


  The data that you get in books, scientific papers or the internet. You should compare your primary and secondary data to draw a conclusion
• How do you know if the data is anomalous?


  It doesn't fit into the pattern of the other results. It does not lie close to the line of best fit.
• What can cause the anomalous data?


  Not following the method correctly. inaccurate measuring/recording and impurities.
• What is systemic error?


  The error that is built into the method or equipment which you are using. This can be corrected by calibrating the balance. These errors are quantitative.
• What is the random error?


  These are due to not following the method correctly and can be minimized by repeating results and taking averages.
• What can misreading the observations cause


  They can cause qualitative errors.
• What is the accuracy?


  How close is the data to the true value? Errors due to the equipment could make the results less.
• What is the reliability?


  How trustworthy the data is. It is usually ensured by repeating the readings to identify any anomalous results.
• What is precision?


  How close the repeat readings are to each other. It can be improved by using measuring equipment that measure to more decimal places.
• What is an enzyme?

  A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst in a biochemical reaction.
• What are proteins made up of?

  amino acids
• What four chemical groups are attached to the central (alpha) carbon?

  A hydrogen atom. A amino acid. A carboxyl group. A variable R group (side chain).
• How many different R groups are there?

  There are 20 different R groups which means there are 20 different amino acids.
• What are amino acids linked together by?

  Peptide Bonds.
• What does a condensation reaction occur between?

  Two amino acids.
• What is produced in a condensation reaction?


  Water.
• What is a dipeptide formed by?

  Two amino acids linked by a peptide bond.
• What do three amino acids form?

  A tripeptide