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• Art Song


  A short vocal solo piece based on a poem that is often accompanied by piano
• Lied


  A German art song
• Lieder


  Refers to a group of German art songs
• Erlkonig


  Also known as the "Erlking" or the "Elf King", an art song composed by Franz Schubert, based on the poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, intended to be performed by a singer and a pianist
• Opera


  An Italian word meaning "work", a play or drama set in music
• Two Faces of Opera

  • Italian Opera - the song is the focus (vocal part)
  • German Opera - it shifts focus from the voice to the orchestra
• Bel Canto


  Literally means "beautiful singing", a form of singing developed by Italian composers
• Terms used in Opera

  • Overture - instrumental introduction to an opera
  • Recitative - text declaimed in the rhythm of natural speech with a slight melodic variation and little orchestral accompaniment
  • Aria - a solo song with an instrumental accompaniment
  • Libretto - the text of the story of the opera
  • Librettist - the writer of the libretto
  • Leitmotif - the leading motive or basic recurring theme
  • Opera Seria - a serious opera
  • Opera Buffa - a comic opera
• Franz Schubert


  Austrian composer born on 31 January 1797, died on 19 November 1828
• Giuseppe Verdi


  Italian composer born on 10 October 1813, studied music privately under Vincenzo Lavigna, known for successful operas like Rigoletto, II Trovatore, La Traviata, Falstaff, and Aida, died on 21 January 1901
• Giacomo Puccini


  Italian composer born on 22 December 1858 in Lucca, Italy, the Puccinis were organist and composers of the Cathedral of San Martino for five generations, famous works include Tosca, Edgar, Turandot, La Boheme, and Madame Butterfly, died due to post-operative shock on 29 November 1924
• Richard Wagner


  Famous German composer, primarily known for his complex and controversial operas, born on 22 May 1813 in Leipzig, Germany, became the world's most influential composers, famous works include "The Flying Dutchman", "Tannhauser", "Lohengrin", "Tristan und Isolde", "Parsifal", and his great tetralogy, "Der Ring Des Nibelungen" (Ring of the Nibelungs), died of a heart attack in Venice on 13 February 1883
• Leitmotif


  Refers to an associated melodic phrase or figure that accompanies the reappearance of an idea, person, or situation
• Ancient Greek Theater


  Started as religious rituals, began specifically in Thrace, where a cult venerated Dionysus—the God of procreation and fertility
• Types of Ancient Greek Theater

  • Tragedy
  • Comedy
  • Satiric Drama
• Tragedy


  An imitation through action rather than narration of serious, complete, and ample action
• Surviving Greek Tragedies


  • The Persians (427 BCE) by Aeschylus
  • Antigone (422 BCE) and Oedipus Rex (c. 430 BCE) by Sophocles
  • Medea (431 BCE) by Euripides
• Comedy


  The word comedy was derived from the word Comus, which is the Greek god laughter, joke, and revelry
• Surviving Comedies by Aristophanes


  • The Frogs (405 BCE)
  • Lysistrata (411 BCE)
  • The Clouds (423 BCE)
• Satiric Drama


  A form of tragicomedy that is lighter than a tragedy and heavier than a comedy, inspired by Greek mythology
• Surviving Satiric Drama


  • Cyclops (c. 408 BCE) by Euripides
• Parts of an Ancient Greek Theater

  • Orchestra
  • Theatron
  • Parodos
  • Skene
• Orchestra


  The space where the chorus would sing and dance, covered with marble and other flooring, argued to be in rectangular shape, with an altar dedicated to Greek gods usually found at the center
• Theatron


  The area where spectators were seated, constructed on a hillside overlooking the orchestra
• Parodos


  Pathways on both sides of the orchestra, used by the actors and chorus to enter and exit the orchestra, as well as by the audience
• Skene


  The structure directly behind the orchestra, serving as a changing room for the actors and other performers
• Elements of Ancient Greek Theater

  • Movement, gesture, and dance
  • Sound and Music
  • Costume
  • Mask
  • Makeup
• Structure of Greek Tragedy and Comedy

  • Prologue
  • Exode
• Famous Greek Plays


  • Oedipus Rex by Sophocles
  • Prometheus Bound (usually attributed to Aeschylus)
  • Antigone by Sophocles
  • Medea by Euripides
  • Lysistrata by Aristophanes
• Influences of Ancient Greek Theater


  • Audience
  • Text
  • Actors
  • Theater
  • Type of plays
• Unintentional Injuries


  • motor vehicle accidents
  • Falls
  • Fires
  • Drowning
  • poisoning
• Intentional Injuries


  • Bullying
  • Suicide
  • Assault
  • Child Maltreatment
  • Homicide
• Suicide


  Death is caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die
• Suicide attempt


  When someone harms themselves with any intent to end their life, but they do not die as a result of their actions
• Parasuicide


  Any nonfatal, self-injurious behavior with a clear intent to cause bodily harm or death, including both lethal suicide attempts and more habitual or low-lethality behaviors such as cutting or other self-mutilation
• Domestic Violence


  Violence committed by someone in the victim's domestic circle
• Bullying


  Unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance, and is repeated or has the potential to be repeated over time
• Types of Bullying


  • Verbal Bullying
  • Social Bullying
  • Physical Bullying
  • Cyber Bullying
• Stalking


  The pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger, when someone repeatedly contacts you and follows you
• Extortion


  Act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their money or properties on favors