Stat & Prob SEMI-FINALS S2
Cards (25)
- N - Population Size
- sample - representative portion of the population
- n - Sample size
- Element or sampling unit - Each member in the sample unit
- random sampling - each member of the population has a nonzero chance to be selected as a subject
- Simple Random Sampling - used if all the units in the population are homogenous.
- Lottery Method - each member of the population is assigned a unique number
- Sampling with replacement - upon selecting a unit at random from the population, the unit is returned to the population.
- Sampling without replacement - the unit selected at random from the population is not included in the next Selection.
- Systematic Sampling - , the sampling interval k is determined by getting the quotient of population size N and sample size n.
- stratified sampling - used if the population is not homogeneous.
- Cluster sampling - used if the population is very large.
- Multi-stage Sampling - the population is divided into hierarchy of units, and sampling is done successively.
- Parameter - a number that summarizes the data from an entire population.
- statistic - a number summarize the data from a sample.
- statistical Hypothesis - a statement regarding an unknown population parameter.
- null Hypothesis - the hypothesis being tested.
- Alternative Hypothesis - the operational statement of the conjecture that the proponent believes to be true and wishes to investigate.
- Alternative hypothesis - It is a statement contradictory to the mll hupothesis.
- statistical test - is done to make a decision whether the null hypothesis should be rejected or not.
- The numerical value obtained from a statistical test is called the test statistic
- Type 1 Error - the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true
- Туре II Error - a type Il error is the error committed when we decide not to reject the mull hypothesis when in reality the null hypothesis is fake.
- Power of the test - The probability of not committing a Type I error
- In statistics, the word "significance" means " not by chance" or"probably true".