support for r

• raine

  march

  gottesman and sheild

  gupta and singh
• Gottesman and shield - only generalizable to twins,

  may not be reliable or valid as there may be cultural bias involved (assumes symptoms are negative) and doesn't take into account the lifestyle of the twins and therefore a lack of consistency

  good internal validity as there is a degree of control and may be able to establish cause

  suggests biological treatments should be used
• raine

  scientific as it uses machines to determine the results

  high internal validity as the machines are highly scientific - standardised procedure

  reliable - but may be vulnerable to bias

  degree of objectivity

  application in the justice system
• gupta and singh

  not generalisale as it only uses limited amounts of couples or to individualistic cultures.

  has cultural bias by only taking part in india.

  may not be reliable as aggressive behaviors and oppression would not be outwardly shown to others

  there are various applications of death and abuse in arranged marriages

  unreliable measure of satisfaction

  owe them a protection from harm

  low external validity