ELIZ

• What did Elizabeth want from Catholics at the start of her reign?

  wanted Catholics to put on a show, and act protestant on the outside, had to go to church and agree that Elizabeth was the supreme governor of the Church of England
• The Act of Uniformity 1559


  all worship should be the same, use the Book of Common Prayer in english, you would be fined if you didn't attend Church every week
• The Act of Supremacy 1559


  she was supreme governor, head of Church and the head of state, anyone who challenged this was deemed a traitor
• What were four main responses of Catholics to Elizabeth's reign and her religious laws?

  Conformers, Church Papists, plotters, recusants
• what did conformers do?

  drop their Catholic faith and to conform to Protestantism as it made life easier
• what did church papists do?

  They attended the protestant church services but kept Catholic beliefs with some loyalty to the Pope, valued the catholic teachings but couldn't afford the fines of being a Recusant.
• what did plotters do?

  they refused to attend Protestant Church services as they were fiercely loyal to catholic beliefs and the church. Elizabeth was not the correct queen since her excommunication in 1570
• what did recusants do?

  They were wealthy Catholics who could afford to pay the fines of not going to the Protestant Church services.
• The Act of Persuasions 1581

  raised fines for not attending Church and said that anyone who persuaded a Protestant to become a Catholic should be put to death.
• The Act against Priests 1585

  death penalty for anyone who sheltered a Catholic priest
• The Recusancy Act 1587

  government could take 2/3 of land from Catholics who did not attend church
• The Act Restraining Recusants 1593


  catholics over 16 had to stay within 5 miles of their home at all times, banned from holding large gatherings
• who was Thomas Tresham and what happened to him?

  1580s was rich enough to avoid fine so didn't go to church, but was still loyal to the queen, he was blacklisted and patronage removed
• what did Thomas Tresham do?

  arrested 1581 and pattern of not going to church continued for 15 years. He organised petition against act against priests but it didn't work
• who was Mageret Clitherow?

  she was accused of sheltering priests and when she didn't plead either guilt or non guilty, they 'encouraged' her to plea by 'pressing
• what were Seminary Priests?

  young english catholics who trained at colleges abroad, they were trained to support catholics NOT convert protestants, lead them in services of Mass, and listened to confessions, by 1603, 438 seminary priests were in England
• what were Jesuit Priests (more of a threat)?

  Trained to persuade people to become Catholics, or deepen their existing catholic faith
• who was Edmund Campion?


  a jesuit priest captured in July 1581 in Oxfordshire by George Eliot, the priest-catcher
• what did Edmund Campion think of his actions?

  In his own mind, Campion was a loyal Englishman who simply believed that Elizabeth was wrong about religion, even under torture he insisted he never encouraged rebellion against Elizabeth
• what was the 'bloody question'?

  "Whose side would you take in a foreign invasion?" If they said Elizabeth they would lose their credibility as a priest, but if they answered the Pope they were a traitor
• what was the Throckmorton plot?

  1583, Jesuit Robert Persen worked with Francis Throckmorton to plot to kill Elizabeth with the help from a French Catholic, the Pope and Philip of Spain, wanted to put MQOS on the throne but no one could prove her involvement
• what was the the Babington plot?

  1586, Anthony Babington met Jesuit priest John Ballad who began plotting to kill Elizabeth and put Mary on the throne, sent Mary messages inside beer barrels. They were arrested and confirmed Mary's agreement of the plan
• what did Francis Walsingham do?

  Francis Walsingham built a network of spies to learn about the plans and movements of Catholic priests.
• why did Elizabthe keep Mary as a prisoner?

  to avoid war
• what did Mary's presence do in england

  Mary's presence in England as a ready-made Catholic replacement for the Protestant Queen Elizabeth, Mary would be Elizabeth's heir if she died childless
• what did the Pope say that caused more rebellion from catholics?

  In 1580, Pope Gregory XIII announced that it was not a sin for a catholic to murder Elizabeth
• Mary's execution


  8 February 1587. Elizabeth was furious, she said she never gave the order to send the warrant and was innocent of her cousin's death
• what started the Anglo Spanish feuds in 1585?

  Elizabeth signed a treaty with dutch rebels and sent an army of 7,000 to fight against the spanish
• what was the spanish Armada?

  in 1588, Philip I built an enormous fleet of ships to carry his army to England
• Francis Drake's surprise attack on armada

  in 1587, damaged ships and delayed its sailing by months
• mistakes with the armada, who was put in charge?

  Philip put the Duke of Medina Sidonia in charge of the Armada, but he had little experience of sailing.
• mistakes with the armada, what tactics did the english and dutch use?

  The Armada of 130 ships sailed up the English Channel chased by English ships. It waited at Calais for the Duke of Parma's army. Dutch ships blocked the Duke of Parma's army in the Netherlands, stopping it from joining up with the Armada.
• mistakes with the armada, how did the english scare the spanish?

  The English set fire to some old ships and let them drift into the Armada as fireships. The Spanish panicked, cut their anchors and sailed north.
• mistakes with the armada, issues with guns

  The Spanish guns were unreliable but the English ones worked well. 1,000 Spanish men died and only 50 English were killed.
• mistakes with the armada, weather

  Powerful storms wrecked about 44 Spanish ships off Scotland and Ireland. About 80 ships eventually struggled back to Spain.
• what did Dr John Dee want to discuss with the queen?

  22nd November 1577, John Dee went to Windsor to discuss with Elizabeth the fact that England was a small isolated nation with limited wealth and power whilst Spain had built Empires in Central and South America and portugal had land in Brazil and the East Indies
• John Dee's vision


  he said englishmen should find routes to the rich markets in china and the east indies, establish colonies in America and he had the vision of 'the British Empire
• Francis Drake's achievment


  26th September 1580, Drake sailed his ship into Plymouth harbour, returning from sailing around the world, becoming the 1st englishman and second sailor to do so
• Drake's voyage 1577


  November 1577: sailed from Plymouth with 5 ships and 170 men, began by plundering small spanish + portuguese ships off coast of Africa
• Drake's voyage 1578


  spring + summer 1578: arrived in Brazil, sailed south, got to tip of south america, claimed several islands for queen then sailed into pacific