bio exam 3

• class asteroida


  starfish
• class ophiuroidea


  brittle stars
• class echinoidea


  urchins and sand dollars
• class crinoidea

  sea lilies and feather stars
• class holothuroidea


  sea cucumbers
• tube feet


  feeding, locomotion, respiration
• madreporite (sieve plate)


  where water enters in the water vascular system
• subphyla cephalocordata


  lancelets
• subphyla urochordata


  tunicates
• subphyla vertebrata


  vertebrates
• 4 characteristics shared in phylum chordata


  notochord (like vertebral chord) dorsal hollow nerve cord (feeding device)

  pharyngeal gill slits (spinal cord)

  post anal tail (propulsion)
• operculum


  gill protector
• morula


  solid ball of cells
• blastula


  The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development
• blastomere


  individual cells of the blastula
• blastocoel


  the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula
• blastopore


  The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
• archenteron


  cavity formed in gastrula
• gastrula


  formation of three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
• swim bladder


  an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy
• osteocytes


  living bone cells
• osteons


  Cylindrical structures that comprise compact bone
• haversian canal


  nerves and blood vessels through bones
• lamellae


  Layers of bone matrix
• lacunae


  openings filled with osteocytes
• canaliculi


  little channels that connect lacunae
• skeletal muscle


  striated, voluntary movement
• smooth muscles


  not striated, involuntary activities
• cardiac


  striated, involuntary pumping
• apical surface


  upper
• adipose tissue


  fat storage
• blood (3 cellular components)


  platelets, RBC, WBC
• erythrocytes


  red bllod cells
• glial cells


  support and nutrients to neurons
• sebacous glands


  oil glands
• hypodermis


  adipose tissue
• abiotic factors


  light, temp, oxygen, precipitation, soil
• biotic factors


  producers, decomposers, consumers
• littoral zone


  shallow along the shore where light penetrates
• limnetic zone


  layer of open water to depth that light penetrates