Sts

• Materialism: a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values
• The first materialism where the atomists in ancient Greece.the atomist philosopher thought that universe and matter are only are made up of atoms "atomos" or seeds.the founders of this theory was the geek philosopher leucippus and his disciples democritus(around 460-370 b.c)
• Epicurus continued the theory of materialism, which does not buy any notion of afterlife. The hedonists see the end goal of life in attaining pleasure. For hedonists, since life is limited, one must indulge itself with pleasures “Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die”. They strive to maximize their total pleasure, the difference of pleasure and pain, and if the pleasure was finally gained, happiness remains fixed.
• Stoicism


  One of the schools of thought in philosophy created for those who live their lives in the real world
• Stoicism was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium


  Early 3rd century BC
• Stoicism


  • Asserts that virtue (e.g. wisdom) is happiness
  • Judgement should be based acts on behaviour rather than words
• People

  Do not have any control and must not rely on external events, only for themselves and their responses
• Stoicism

  Helps a person to overcome destructive emotions and acts on what can be acted upon
• Stoicism


  • Differs from other schools of thought with its purpose as a practical application rather than intellectual enterprise
• Theism The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the communion with God. They believe that they can find the meaning of their lives by using God as the creator of their existence. Theism is a belief that one or more gods exist within the universe, and that gods are often omniscient (all knowing), omnipotent (all-powerful), and omnipresent (all-pervasive). This belief incorporates Monotheism (belief in one god) and Polytheism (belief in many gods). The Abrahamic faiths such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, as well as Hinduism are all theistic religions.
• Humanism Humanism is another school of thought that affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape their own lives. “It is not theistic and does not accept supernatural views of reality” – IHEU; international humanist and ethical union.
• Aristotle: 'The ultimate goal of a good life is eudaimonia (from daimon – true nature)'
• Eudaimonia


  Happiness, but not a vulgar idea - it is found by leading a virtuous life and doing what is worth doing
• Aristotle thought that realizing human potential is the ultimate human goal
• Feeling good is not enough for a good life, each person must realize his/her potentialities which would lead him/her to the greatest fulfilment - Daimon
• Good life


  A life where essential basic human needs are met and aspirations for freedom, belonging and self-realization are fulfilled as much as possible
• Technology


  Supports and enhances a good life for all citizens without compromising the earth's ecosystem or the prospects of later generations
• Vergragt (2006): 'Technology will support and enhance a "good life" for all citizens without compromising the earth's ecosystem or the prospects of later generations'
• Stutz (2006): 'A good life requires essential basic human needs are met and aspirations for freedom, belonging and self-realization are fulfilled as much as possible'
• Technological innovation in the context of the good life can be supported or threatened, depending on the way technological innovations are influenced and steered by human decisions and institutions</b>
• Hedonism

  
  

  Epicurus continued the theory of materialism, which does not buy any notion of afterlife. The hedonists see the end goal of life in attaining pleasure. For hedonists, since life is limited, one must indulge itself with pleasures “Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die”. They strive to maximize their total pleasure, the difference of pleasure and pain, and if the pleasure was finally gained, happiness remains fixed.

  
  

  Stoicism

  
  

  
  

  Stoicism is one of the schools of thought in philosophy created for those who live their lives in the real world. It was founded
• Theism The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the communion with God. They believe that they can find the meaning of their lives by using God as the creator of their existence. Theism is a belief that one or more gods exist within the universe, and that gods are often omniscient (all knowing), omnipotent (all-powerful), and omnipresent (all-pervasive). This belief incorporates Monotheism (belief in one god) and Polytheism (belief in one god) and Polytheism (belief in many gods). The Abrahamic faiths such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, as well as Hinduism are
• Humanism


  A school of thought that affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape their own lives
• Humanism is not theistic and does not accept supernatural views of reality
• Humanists


  • See themselves as the stewards of creation
  • See themselves as individuals who have control for themselves as well as the world outside them
• Most scientists dwell on the thought that the world is a place for discovery in seeking ways on how to improve the lives of its inhabitants
• Scientists turn to technology


  To ease the difficulty of life, that is, to live comfortably
• Aristotle: 'Happiness is a vulgar idea, stressing that not all desires are worth pursuing as, even though some of them may yield pleasure, they would not produce wellness. True happiness is found by leading a virtuous life and doing what is worth doing. Realizing human potential is the ultimate human goal.'
• Eudaimonia


  Concept originated by Aristotle, meaning true nature or human potential
• Feeling good is not enough for a good life according to Boniwell (2008). Each person must realize his/her potentialities which would lead him/her to the greatest fulfilment - Daimon.
• Vergragt: 'Technology will support and enhance a "good life" for all citizens without compromising the earth's ecosystem or the prospects of later generations'
• Stutz: 'A good life requires essential basic human needs are met and aspirations for freedom, belonging and self-realization are fulfilled as much as possible'
• Technological innovation in the context of the good life can be supported or threatened, depending on the way technological innovations are influenced and steered by human decisions and institutions
• According to Westacott(2018), there are three ways by which we can understand what is meant by "a good life" or "living well." These are the Moral Life, Life of Pleasure, and Fulfilled Life. Read the full article below.
• Aim – a purpose or intention; a desired outcome. Good – denotes the conduct that should be preferred when posed with a choice between possible actions. Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil, and is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy.
• Happiness


  Used in the context of mental or emotional states, including positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. It is also used in the context of life satisfaction, subjective well-being, eudaimonia, flourishing and well-being.
• Life


  Used in the context of mental or emotional states, including positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. It is also used in the context of life satisfaction, subjective well-being, eudemonia, flourishing and well-being.
• Perceive


  Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand.
• Philosopher


  Someone who practices philosophy. The term philosopher comes from the Ancient Greek: Romanised philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.
• School – any institution at which instruction is given in a particular discipline. Scientist is a person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. Thought encompasses an "aim-oriented flow of ideas and associations that can lead to a reality-oriented conclusion". Although thinking is an activity of an existential value for humans, there is still no consensus as to how it is adequately defined or understood.