Education

• who is the main functionalist?

  Durkheim
• which one of these is Durkheim's idea of socialisation?

  creating social solidarity - education makes us feel like we are a community. Giving individuals a sense of social solidarity lessens conflict. school transmits shared values to help create social solidarity (through history, English and citizenship)

  Teaching specialist skills - industrialised economies need cooperation of many different skills to produce an item. each person needs necessary specialist skills and flexible skills also knowledge.

  SCHOOLS HELP SOCIAL DIVISION OF LABOUR.

  School curriculum is responsive of what society needs.
• which one of these is a criticism of Durkheim's idea of socialisation?

  creating social solidarity- transmits values, but whose values should we follow?

  Teaching specialist skills - Hargreaves if individuals do not achieve individual success, then they tend to rebel and form subculture is no sense of belonging
• who came up with the idea of focal socialising agency?

  Parsons
• which one of these are the idea of Parsons focal socialising agency?

  • Bridge between family and wider society.

  FAMILY - judged on particular standards, whose only apply to them status is ascribed fixed from birth.

  SCHOOL - judged on universalistic and impersonal standards (pupils judged on same standard) judged

  on meritocratic standards = talent and hard work)

  • School helps us pass from family to wider society at school and society is based on meritocracy.
• which one of these is a criticism of Parsons idea of focal socialising agency?

  Marxists criticise the idea that schools transmit shared values, rather they see the education system as transmitting the values of the ruling class.
• Who came up with the idea of human capital?

  Schultz
• which one of these is Schultz's idea of human capital?

  The function of education as the development of human capital. Education gives them skills and knowledge which were forms of capital - increasing spending on education represented an investment in people and the more governments spent on education, the more skilled the workforce would become, and the more productive they should be.
• which one of these is a criticism of Schultz idea of human capital?

  Critics of the theory argue that it is flawed, overly simplistic, and confounds labor with capital.
• Who came up with the idea of role allocation?

  Davis and Moore
• Which one of these are Davis and Moore's idea of role allocation?

  selecting and allocating pupils to future work roles by assessing skills and abilities. Inequality is necessary so much important roles of field by the most talented need it off a high reward for these jobs. Education

  'siffs and sorts' us according to abilities.
• Which one of these is a criticism of Davis and Moore's idea of role allocation?

  • People do not always get charged on talents, not everyone is motivated by money.
  • Nurses get paid less than doctors, but they are just as important.
  • Tumin importance hasn't been defined
  • Dennis Wrong- wrongly assume that people accept what they learn.
• What is the new rights perspective on schools?

  education should be privatised because it's not effective as the government own it.
• What is a criticism of the new right to view on education?

  if education becomes privatised, it means that people will have to pay for education so working-class will not be able to get a good education therefore creating more inequality between middle-class and working-class children
• What is meant by marketisation?


  create an education market, where schools compete for students so that it will bring greater competition which creates higher standards
• When was the education reform act introduced?

  1988
• What was introduced from the education reform act?

  • League tables
  • OFSTED
  • funding formula
• What did Chubb and Moe theory?

  consumers choice
• what do Chubb and Moe claim?

  Disadvantage groups, lower classes, ethnic minorities, and wall areas are badly served by the state which has failed to create equal opportunities.

  State education is insufficient as it fails to teach skills needed by economy.
• What did Chubb and Moe say about private schools and the citystate for private schools?

  private schools deliver higher quality education as they are answerable to consumers. Peoples from low-income to 5% better in private schools.
• why do Chubb and Moe say there is a need for a market system?

  it puts control into the hands of parents and community, so they can shape schools to meet their own needs and provide quality
• Who was the founding father of Marxism?

  Karl Marx
• What did he say about capitalism?

  The bourgeoisie control the economic base, and therefore control the superstructure.
• What does Marx say about false class consciousness?

  They try to keep the masses, ignorant of the exploitation through ideological control which leads to false class consciousness where we feel happy, and thankful for what we have
• what does Marx say that education is doing?

  education is to prepare pupils for work by teaching them to be obedient and acceptable authority
• Who talks about the ideological state apparatus?

  Althusser
• what does Althusser say our talents are used for?

  says that our talents are only but we need to sell them e.g a doctor talent in science
• What is the ideological state apparatus?

  State is ruling class to maintain their power and dominant position. Keep the bourgeois.
• What is the repressive state apparatus?


  Maintain rule of bourgeois by force or threat of it e.g the police court and army when needed. They use physical things to repress working-class.
• What is the ideological state apparatus?

  maintain rule of bourgeoisie by controlling peoples ideas, values and beliefs to media, religion and education
• What does Althusser say education reproduces?

  it reproduces class inequality by passing on from generation to generation by failing each generation of working-class children
• How does education, legitimise inequality?

  (Althusser)

  class inequality by producing ideologies that disguise it's true cause, for example, persuade workers to accept inequality as inevitable, and they deserve that position in society. If they accept this, they are less likely to challenge capitalism.
• Percentage to support the reproduces of class inequality?

  7% of children in the UK go to a private school
• Who came up with the idea of symbolic violence?

  Bourdieu
• what is symbolic violence?

  working-class are dumped or conned into accepting their failure and limited social mobility systems. The systems disregard culture and attribution of the working-class, as it is run by middle class.
• What is cultural capital?

  Having of middle class norms and values
• What are weaknesses of symbolic violence?

  People can move up through meritocracy
• What are the strengths of symbolic violence?

  people treated differently because they don't have cultural capital. Also Althusser agreed with Bourdieu that working-class don't have the same opportunities as middle class and are not treated the same.
• Who did a study on learning to labour?

  Wills
• what did Wills want to look at?

  he was interested in the way schools, serve capitalism