4TH HCS LONG TEST

• Anterior fontanel


  A diamond shaped spot at the junction of the bones in front of the baby's skull
• Fontanel


  A soft spot on the top of the baby's head; it is the space where the skull bones have not yet joined
• Posterior fontanel


  A soft spot on the back of the skull bones that have not yet joined
• Cephalocaudal


  Development stage where the arms and hands grow faster than the feet and legs
• Meconium


  A greenish-black in colors and of a smooth, sticky consistency found in the bowel of a newborn
• Colostrum


  The yellowish, rather thick consistency fluid which comes from the mother's mammary glands before the real milk does
• Infancy


  Considered the most delicate stage in the life of a child
• Layette


  A complete set of clothing and accessories for the newborn
• Sponge bath


  First bath given to a baby until the baby's navel or circumcision is healed
• Oil bath


  Recommended under certain conditions when the baby has a dry or irritated skin
• Tub bath


  Given as soon as the baby's navel or circumcision is healed
• Breastfeeding


  The best possible way of meeting the infant's nutritional needs, and provides a warm, intimate relationship between the mother and the child
• Breast milk


  The ideal food for infants, containing all the nutrients a normal child needs to develop and thrive
• Bottle feeding


  The method used by mothers with inverted nipples and those without adequate milk supply
• Mixed feeding


  A combination of breastfeeding and bottle feeding
• Breastfeeding positions


  • Cradle hold
  • Cross cradle hold
  • Football hold or clutch hold
  • Side lying position
  • Saddle hold
• Burping position


  1. Hold the baby upright on your shoulder with a bib or a nappy draped over your shoulder and underneath the baby's chin, gently rub or pat the baby's back between the shoulder blade

  2. Sit the baby up on your knee with the chin supported between your finger and thumb, pat or rub his back

  3. Lay the baby on your lap, face downwards with the head turned to one side, and gently pat or rub his back
• Child development


  The biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy
• Developmental milestones


  • Emotional/social changes – more independent; stringer sense of right and wrong
  • Mental/cognitive changes – rapid development of mental skills
  • Positive parenting- teach the child to respect, love others and be responsible
  • Child safety first – teach the child to watch traffic and how to be safe when walking to school, riding in a vehicle or playing
• Stages of cognitive development

  • Sensorimotor – from the age of birth up to 2 years old; child's primary mode of learning occurs through the five senses
  • Pre-operational – (2-7 years old); child is busy gathering information or learning or trying to figure out ways and begin solving problems
  • Concrete operation – (7 – 11 years old); child begin to manipulate data mentally and capable of logical thought
  • Formal operation – (11 up top the end of adolescence); the child will break through the barrier of literalism and move on to thinking more abstract terms
• Levels of learning

  • Application – involves knowing rules, principles and procedures and how to use them
  • Analysis – breaking down of concepts into parts
  • Synthesis – putting together of information or ideas
  • Evaluation – judging or assessing the value of information