M-10

• Nursing


  The practice of assisting patients live through life
• Nancy Roper-Winifred Logan-Alison Tierney's Model of Nursing Based on Activities of Living


  • Incorporates a life span approach
  • Uses an independence/dependence continuum
  • Incorporates 12 activities of living

  
• 12 Activities of Living

  • Maintaining a safe environment
  • Breathing
  • Communication
  • Mobilizing
  • Eating and Drinking
  • Eliminating
  • Personal cleansing and dressing
  • Maintaining body temperature
  • Working and playing
  • Sleeping
  • Expressing sexuality
  • Dying
• 5 Main Factors that Influenced the ADLs

  • Biological
  • Psychological
  • Sociocultural
  • Environmental
  • Politico-economic
• Individuality of living


  The way in which the person attends to his activities of living with respect to his developmental age or his place in the life span, on the dependence-independence continuum, and as influenced by biological, psychological, environmental, and politico-economic factors
• Activities of living


  Describe the person in the complex process of living from the perspective of an amalgam of activities
• Life span


  Refers to the concept of continuous change from birth until death and may refer to developmental age
• Dependence-independence continuum


  Relates to the factors and activities of the person, ranging from full incapacitation to having the ability to achieve activities of living
• The Theory of the Elements of Nursing: A Model Based on a Model of Living emphasizes the importance of developmental assessment and of individualizing patient care

  
• No two patients can have similar reactions to a particular disease condition or illness state because of the concept of individuality of living
• The first vital step towards high quality patient care is for the nurse to individualize patient care and to make a thorough nursing and health assessment
• Lydia Hall's Care, Cure, Core Theory of Nursing


  Nursing is a distinct body of knowledge that provides nursing care to patients who are in need of nursing care in support of medical interventions, in collaboration with other members of the health team, or exclusively and independently by the nurse herself

  
• Lydia Hall


  • Born in New York City September 21, 1906
  • Graduated from York Hospital School of Nursing in Pennsylvania
  • Bachelor of Science & Master of Arts from Teachers College, Columbia University
  • Died February 27, 1969 of heart disease in Queens Hospital of New York
• Care


  The sole function of nurses, to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of the core
• Cure


  The aspect of nursing which involves the administration of medications and treatments, shared by the nurse with other health professionals
• Core


  The patient receiving nursing care, with goals set by him or herself rather than by any other person and behaving according to his or her feelings and values

  
• The motivation and energy necessary for healing exist within the patient, rather than in the healthcare team
• The three aspects of nursing (care, cure, core) should not be viewed as functioning independently but as interrelated

  
• Lydia Hall's theory is revolutionary, as she put down her transparent thoughts and remarkable ideas of nursing care in the 1960s
• Lydia Hall believed that patients should receive care only from professional nurses
• Nursing involves interacting with a patient in a complex process of teaching and learning
• Lydia Hall was not pleased with the concept of team nursing
• Cure circle


  Aspect of nursing which involves the administration of medications and treatments, shared by the nurse with other health professionals like physicians or physical therapists
• The Three Cs of Lydia Hall

  • Core
  • Care
  • Cure
• Core


  The patient receiving nursing care, with goals set by themselves rather than others, behaving according to their feelings and values
• Reflective technique

  1. Nurse acts as a mirror to help the patient explore their own feelings regarding their current health status and related potential changes in lifestyle

  2. Motivations are discovered through the process of bringing into awareness the feelings being experienced

  3. With this awareness, the patient is now able to make conscious decisions based on understood and accepted feelings and motivation
• Nursing intervention must be founded not only on scientific knowledge, but specifically on recognition of the individual's behavioral responses which indicate the nature of the adaptation taking place

  
• Goal of nursing care

  To support adaptation and the strong drive of the individual to seek wholeness
• Therapeutic nursing interventions

  Focus on enhancing adaptation and improving well-being
• Supportive nursing interventions


  Used when nursing care is unable to improve the adaptive response or fail to halt a downhill course, including nursing care for the dying patient
• Person


  Holistic being; wholeness is integrity; has freedom of choice and movement
• Patient


  Comes from Latin "to suffer"
• Client


  Comes from Latin and means "to follow"
• Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care, core, and cure aspects of patient care

  
• Individual human focus of nursing care

  16 years of age or older and past the acute stage of long-term illness

  
• The source of energy and motivation for healing is the individual care recipient, not the health care provider
• Hall emphasizes the importance of the individual as unique, capable of growth and learning, and requiring a total person approach
• Health


  A state of self-awareness with a conscious selection of behaviors that are optimal for that individual
• Hall stresses the need to help the person explore the meaning of his or her behavior to identify and overcome problems through developing self-identity and maturity
• Loeb Center


  Provides an environment that is conducive to self-development for the ill individual, as the hospital environment during treatment of acute illness creates a difficult psychological experience