8 - ENGLISH : 4th quarter

• General statements

  • Main idea that is supported by details
  • What KEY points does the author want me to know about the topic
  • Answers, "who/ what is this all about?"
• Specific statements


  • Small ideas that reinforce the main idea
  • Contains facts and reasons that elaborate/ explain the main idea
• Topic sentence

  A complete sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph. It needs to contain the topic and a controlling idea.
• Positions of topic sentence

  • The placement of the topic sentence depends on the type of paragraph
  • The topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph (Initial Placement)
  • The topic sentence can also be placed in the middle of the paragraph (Medial Placement)
  • The topic sentence can be placed at the end of the paragraph (Final Placement)
• Text types

  • Narrative
  • Explanation
  • Expository
  • Procedural
  • Recount
  • Persuasive
• Narrative text


  Tells a story which can be fiction (made-up story) or non-fiction (real events)
• Narrative text examples


  • Short stories and traditional tales (fiction)
  • Biographies (non-fiction)
• Explanation text


  Explains a particular subject or topic through ideas that support it, elaborates on how or why something occurs
• Expository text


  Informational texts that present factual data on a topic through description, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution
• Procedural text


  Lists a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do something
• Procedural text examples


  • Science experiments, assembly manuals, or instructions for playing games
• Recount text


  Retells past events
• Types of recount text

  • Personal recount - retells past events that the writer was personally involved in
  • Factual recount - retells events that also happened in real life but may not be about the writer himself/herself
• Personal recount examples


  • Diaries
• Factual recount examples


  • News reports and witness statements
• Persuasive text


  Intends to convince the readers/listeners to believe, perform a certain action, or change their mind
• Persuasive text examples


  • Advertisements, editorials, debate speeches and arguments