Dosage Forms

• Pharmakon


  The art and science of preparing and dispensing medications and the provision of drugs and related information to the public
• Pharmacist


  A health professional who has been registered and issued a valid Certificate of Registration (COR) and Professional Identification Card (PIC) by the PRC and the Professional Regulatory Board of Pharmacy
• Pharmacists


  • Serve as a drug scientist, medication expert, patient counselor, and critical healthcare resource
  • Help individuals protect themselves against diseases, maintain good health and make the best use of their medications
  • Promote rational use of drugs and ensure the provision of safe, effective, and quality drugs for improved patient care and quality of life
• RA 10918 – Philippine Pharmacy Act
• Ancient people


  • Learned from instinct, from observation of animals (birds or beasts)
  • Used trial and error
• Disease


  Believed to be caused by the entrance of demons or evil spirits into the body
• The First Apothecary


  • Holding a clay tablet and invoking the gods
  • Preparing the mixture
  • Holding a sheep
• Chinese Pharmacy


  • Stems from Shen Nung (about 2000 B.C)
  • Tested the medicinal value of several hundred herbs
  • Patron god
  • Pen T-Sao - 365 drugs
  • Pa Kua = creation and life
  • Podophyllum, rhubarb, ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, ma Huang
• Egyptian medicine


  • Gatherers, and preparers
  • Chief fabricators/head pharmacists
  • Papyrus Ebers (1500 B.C.) - 800 prescriptions mentioning 700 drugs
• Hippocrates


  • Father of medicine
  • Pharmakon - good
• Mithridates VI


  • The "Royal Toxicologist"
  • King of Pontus
  • Art of poisoning
  • Art of preventing and counteracting poisoning
  • Prisoners are "guinea pigs"
  • "Mithridatum"
• Dioscorides


  • Greek physician and botanist
  • First to deal with Botany as an applied science of pharmacy
  • De Materia Medica - pharmaceutical botany and pharmacognosy
  • Opium, ergot, and hyoscyamus
• Claudius Galen


  • Greek pharmacist physician
  • Drug Compounding - Galenic Pharmacy
  • Galen's Cerate
• Damian and Cosmas


  • Damian and Cosmas - Patron saint of Pharmacy and Medicine
• Avicenna


  • Most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the medieval Islamic world
  • Canon of Medicine - book about medicine
• King Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

  • Issued an edict completely separating the professions of Pharmacy and Medicine
  • Issued professional regulations for both
  • No business relations between the two professions
• Paracelsus


  • Botanical science to one based on chemical science
  • "Sola dosis facit venenum"
• Europe


  • Application of the art and science of pharmacy to the preparation of drug products
  • Extraction and isolation of active constituents
• Swede Karl Wilhelm Scheele

  • Swedish Pomeranian and pharmaceutical chemist
  • Discovered lactic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and arsenic acid
  • Identified glycerin, invented new methods of preparing calomel and benzoic acid, and discovered oxygen a year before Priestly
• Friedrich Serturner


  • German pharmacist
  • Prompted a series of isolations in 1805, other active materials from medicinal plants by a score of French pharmacists
  • Discovered morphine - sleeping agent
  • Co-founder and promoter of a new type of chemistry now known as alkaloid chemistry
• Joseph Caventou and Joseph Pelletier

  • Isolated quinine and strychnine from cinchona and strychnine from nux vomica
• Joseph Pelletier and Pierre Robiquet


  • Isolated codeine
• Pierre Robiquet


  • Separated narcotine from opium
• First hospital pharmacy


  Opened in 1752
• United States Pharmacopeia (USP)


  Established in 1820
• Philadelphia College of Pharmacy


  Established in 1821
• American Pharmaceutical (now Pharmacists) Association


  Established in 1852
• Louis Pasteur


  • Develops the rabies vaccine in 1885
• Original Coca-cola


  • Created in 1886
• Aspirin


  • Successfully synthesized in 1892
• Compound 606


  • Discovered in 1907
• Insulin


  • Isolated in 1922
• Alexander Fleming


  • Discovers Penicillin in 1928
• Penicillin


  • Successfully developed in medicinal form in 1940
• Streptomycin


  • Discovered in 1944
• Beta-blockers


  • Discovered in 1967
• Hepatitis B vaccine


  • Discovered in 1982
• Drugs


  Refer to pharmaceutical products that pertain to chemical compounds or biological substances, other than food, intended for use in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease in humans or animals
• RA 9502 - Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008
• Alexander Fleming discovers Penicillin


  1928