Health science

• Skeletal system is made up of

  • 206 bones
• Functions of the skeletal system

  • Support the body
  • Assist with movement
  • Protect vital organs
  • Produce blood cell organs
• Minerals stored in the skeletal system

  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
• Give the body a definite shape
• Axial skeleton


  • Consists of the trunk and skull
  • Ribs
  • Vertebral column
• Examples of axial skeletal structure

  • vital organs
  • brain
  • heart
  • lungs
• Appendicular skeleton consists of limbs and pelvic/shoulder girdles
• Bones differ in size, shape, weight and composition
• Bone composition


  • calcium
  • phosphorus
• Bone marrow


  Found inside bones, makes blood cells and stores minerals
• Bone marrow is normally reddish in color but can sometimes be yellow
• Flat bones protect vital organs and allow for movement
• Examples of flat bones


  • Skull
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Pelvis
• Types of bones


  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Sesamoid bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
• Long bones


  • Support the weight of the body and aid in movement
  • the femur is the longest bone in the body
  • Located in the appendicular skeleton
• Short bones


  • Provide stability and some movement
• Sesamoid bones


  • Protect tendons from stress and wear
• Joints


  Places where two or more adjacent bones meet
• Movable joints


  • Allow a range of movement
• Immovable joints


  • Do not allow for movement
• The vertebral column protects the spinal cord
• Flat bones protect organs in the pelvic cavity
• Irregular bones


  • Help protect nervous tissue
  • Creates movement by interacting with the muscles and tendons
  • Can be found all around the body
• Irregular bones


  • pelvis
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
• The smallest bone in the body is the stapes
• Ribs


  • Form a cage that shelters the heart and lungs
• Pelvis


  • Helps protect the bladder, part of the intestines, and in women the reproductive organs
• Bones are made up of a framework of protein called collagen
• The skull is made up of 22 bones
• The spine is made up of 24 small bones
• The sternum bone protects the heart
• A baby body has about 300 bones at birth
• The hyoid bone supports the tongue
• Axial skeleton


  • 80 bones within the central core of the body
• Mouth


  Entrance to the alimentary canal, responsible for breaking down food both mechanically and chemically, tasting and producing saliva
• Types of human teeth

  • Incisors
  • Canines
  • Premolars
  • Molars
• Incisors


  • Flat teeth with chisel-like edges, used for biting food
• Canines


  • Pointed teeth used for tearing food
• Premolars


  • Broad surface with grooves, used for crushing and grinding food
• Molars


  • Similar in shape to premolars but larger with three roots, also used for crushing and grinding food