HIV

• The Philippine AIDS prevention and Control Act of 1998
• HIV


  A single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to a family of viruses (retroviruses), considered an obligate intracellular parasite that infects CD4 cell commonly known as T helper cell
• HIV


  • Can't survive when outside host cell
  • Has 3 enzymes that infect healthy cells of the body: reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
• gp120 and gp41


  Glycoproteins on the surface of the viral wall responsible for point attachment to target cells
• Once virus infects an individual, it will undergo a period of latency (could be undetectable by screening methods for 6 months or several years)
• Transmission of HIV


  • Sexual contact
  • Sharing of needles
  • Blood transfusion of infected blood
  • Accidental skin puncture
• Not transmitted by


  • Hugging and massage
  • Masturbation
  • Dry kissing
  • Daily living with person with HIV (no intimate contact)
• Stages of AIDS


  • Early Stage
  • Latency Stage
  • Progression to AIDS
• Early Stage


  • Runs within 2-4 weeks after initial infection
  • Some patients could present "worst flu ever", also known as the acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)
• Latency Stage


  • Virus replication in the host's body slowly
  • Virus is detected through serologic testing
  • Patient may experience varied symptoms
• Progression to AIDS


  • HIV infected people without medication will progress to having AIDS
  • AIDS is the final stage, characterized by the person's weakening of immune response due to the decrease of CD4 cells
• Symptoms of AIDS


  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Diarrhea lasting for a month
  • Pneumonia
  • Memory loss, depression, & other neurologic disorder
  • Sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals
• The symptoms are accompanied by opportunistic diseases most commonly affecting the respiratory tract
• Executive Order No. 39, s. 1992 signed, creating the Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)


  December 3, 1992
• PNAC Key Functions


  • Secure recommendations from government agencies on operationalizing the Act
  • Monitor implementation of the Act
  • Develop a comprehensive long-term national HIV and AIDS prevention and control program
  • Coordinate activities of government and non-governmental agencies
  • Coordinate and cooperate with foreign and international organizations
  • Evaluate and make recommendations regarding national resources for HIV and AIDS prevention and control
• PNAC Secretariat


  • Assist in ensuring HIV/AIDS activities are implemented, coordinated, and harmonized
  • Coordinate national and multi-sectoral HIV/AIDS responses
  • Promote and advocate implementation of national response
  • Provide technical support to the Council and its partners
  • Monitor and evaluate activities/projects and programs related to HIV/AIDS
  • Collect and serve as the repository of data
  • Identify and endorse issues and concerns regarding AIDS response
  • Organize a national multi-sectoral forum
  • Assist the Council in identifying and mobilizing resources
• Government agencies PNAC collaborates with


  • Department of Foreign Affairs
  • Department of Interior and Local Government
  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Tourism
  • Department of Social Welfare and Development
  • Philippine Information Agency
  • Senate Committee on Health
  • Congress Committee on Health
  • Department of Labor and Employment
  • Department of Budget and Management
  • Department of Education
  • Department of Health
• Role of educational institutes in AIDS awareness


  • Focused on educational counseling and health informative advisory incorporation in academic subjects
  • Health informative advisory seminars
  • Clinical ethics on HIV: confidentiality of results, informed consent for HIV testing, prenatal HIV testing
• The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (RA 8504)
• Policies of the Act


  • Promote public awareness about HIV/AIDS through comprehensive nationwide educational and information campaign
  • Extend full protection of human rights and civil liberties to persons with HIV/AIDS
  • Promote utmost safety and universal precautions in practices and procedures that carry the risk of HIV transmission
  • Address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection
  • Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information and educational messages about HIV/AIDS
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)


  Caused by HIV contracted from another person and which attacks and weakens the body's immune system, making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections
• Anonymous Testing


  Does not reveal the true identity of the person being tested. An identifying number or symbol is used instead of the name.
• The State shall positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection, including but not limited to, poverty, gender inequality, prostitution, marginalization, drug abuse and ignorance
• The State shall recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information and educational messages about HIV/AIDS and shall utilize their experience to warn the public about the disease
• Anonymous Testing


  Does not reveal his/her true identity. An identifying number or symbol is used to substitute for the name and allows the laboratory conducting the test and the person on whom the test is conducted to match the test results with the identifying number or symbol
• Compulsory HIV Testing


  HIV testing imposed upon a person attended or characterized by the lack of or vitiated consent, use of physical force, intimidation or any form of compulsion
• Contact tracing


  The method of finding and counseling the sexual partner(s) of a person who has been diagnosed as having sexually transmitted disease
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)


  The virus which causes AIDS
• HIV/AIDS Monitoring


  The documentation and analysis of the number of HIV/AIDS infections and the pattern of its spread
• HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control


  Measures aimed at protecting the non-infected from contracting HIV and minimizing the impact of the condition of persons living with HIV
• HIV-positive


  The presence of HIV infection as documented by the presence of HIV or HIV antibodies in the sample being tested
• HIV-negative


  The absence of HIV or HIV antibodies upon HIV testing
• HIV Testing


  Any laboratory procedure done on an individual to determine the presence or absence of HIV infection
• HIV Transmission


  The transfer of HIV from one infected person to an uninfected individual, most commonly through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of intravenous needles and during pregnancy
• High-Risk Behavior


  A person's frequent involvement in certain activities which increase the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV
• Informed Consent


  The voluntary agreement of a person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based on full information, whether such permission is written, conveyed verbally, or expressed indirectly
• Medical Confidentiality


  The relationship of trust and confidence created or existing between a patient or a person with HIV and his attending physician, professional care of the former; it also applies to any person who may have acquired such confidential information
• Person with HIV


  A person that he/she is infected with HIV
• Pre-Test Counseling


  The process of providing an individual information on the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS and emotional support to any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before he/she is subjected to the test
• Post-Test Counseling


  The process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submitted to HIV testing at the time that the test result is released