GVAL

• Directly voluntary


  Act primarily intended; student watches movie to entertain himself
• Indirectly voluntary


  The result of an act which follows the primarily intended act; but he misses school
• Moral sensibility


  Response towards what is right and wrong
• Delicadeza


  When a person is not scandalized by what is wrong
• Moral accountability


  Human acts because they are voluntary, are accountable acts
• Subject of a human act

  Person capable of acting intelligently, freely
• Sanctions & penalties


  Penal laws punishment for wrongdoing
• Modifiers of human act

  Voluntary act under the control of intellect
• Ignorance


  Absence of knowledge
• Passions


  Or concupiscence, physical responses
• Fear


  Disturbance of the mind of a person by danger
• Violence


  Physical force exerted on a person by a free agent
• Habits


  Readiness, born of frequently repeated acts
• Poverty is never an excuse for committing crime
• Action and emotion- man is not a robot devoid of feelings, action & emotion
• Norm


  Standard of measurement
• We make value of judgement -when we measure the quality of a thing
• Physical qualities of objects

  • Measured with clock
  • Measured with ruler
  • Measured with speedometer
  • Measured with thermometer
• Norms of Morality

  Criteria of judgement ; character -to become; act- to be done
• Moral Norms


  Criteria for judging
• Richard M. Gula

  Action we ought to perform
• "Criteria for judgement"- implies the use of reason
• Eternal law

  Plan of God
• Natural law

  Operational tendencies
• Conscience

  Choice of a particular good
• Moral pretention

  Action flows from character
• Notion of right


  Anything which is owed or due
• Natural rights


  Based on natural law (life, education, work)
• Human rights


  Human positive laws, enacted by state/religion
• Alienable & inalienable


  Could be surrendered, renounced or removed
• Juridical rights


  Respected, permitted, fulfilled
• Non-juridical rights


  Based on virtue rather than strict justice
• Right of jurisdiction


  Power of a lawful authority
• Coaction


  Exercise by the court of justice
• Collision


  Conflict of two rights
• Civil rights


  Enjoyed by persons as private individuals
• Political rights


  Enjoyed by person as citizen
• The Bill of Rights


  List of rights pertaining to persons
• Sections of the Bill of Rights


  • No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property
  • Warrant of arrest; unreasonable searches
  • Privacy of communication
  • Abridging the freedom of speech
  • Religion
  • National security, public safety
  • Information of the people to public concern
  • Right of the people including those employed in public and private sectors
  • Private property
  • Obligation of contracts
  • Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies
• Economic, social & cultural rights


  Detention, torture