Jung🌸Klein, Horney, Fromm, Sullivan, erik (MIDTERM)

• he believed that people are EXTREMELY COMPLEX beings who possess a variety of opposing qualities, such as introversion and extraversion, masculinity and femininity, and rational and irrational drives.

  carl jung
• • Jung saw the human psyche as being divided into a ___ and an ___ level, with the latter further subdivided into a personal and a collective unconscious.

  conscious unconscious
• Images sensed by the ego are said to be conscious.

  conscious
• • Contents of the personal unconscious are called ____ . A ____ is an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas.

  complexes complex
• has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species.

  collective unconscious
• Contents of the personal unconscious are called

  complexes
• • A _____ is an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas.

  complex
• • The physical contents of the collective unconscious are _____ and pass from one generation to the next as psychic potential.

  inherited
• • In contrast to the personal unconscious, which results from individual experiences, the ______ has roots in ancestral past of the entire species.

  collective unconscious
• • Jung believed that ___ originate through the repeated experiences of our ancestors and that they are expressed in certain types of dreams, fantasies, delusions, and hallucinations.

  archetypes
• • the side of our personality that we show to others.

  persona
• • the dark side of personality. To reach full psychological maturity, Jung believed, we must first realize or accept our shadow.


  shadow
• • A second hurdle in achieving maturity is for men to accept their ___, or feminine side, and for women to embrace their ____, or masculine disposition.

  anima animus
• archetype of nourishment and destruction

  great mother
• the archetype of wisdom and meaning

  the wise old man
• • the image we have of a conqueror who vanquishes evil, but who has a single fatal flaw).evil, but who has a single fatal flaw).

  the hero
• The most comprehensive archetype is the ___; that is, the image we have of fulfillment, completion, or perfection.

  self
• • The ultimate in psychological maturity is self-realization, which is symbolized by the _____, or perfect geometric figure.

  mandala
• • Jung believed that the dynamic principles that apply to physical energy also apply to psychic energy. These forces include ____ and ____ as well as ___ and ____.

  causality teleology progression regression
• he accepted a middle position between the philosophical issues of causality and teleology. In other words, humans are motivated both by their past experiences and by their expectations of the future.

  jung
• • To achieve self-realization, people must adapt to both their external and internal worlds. ____

  involves adaptation to the outside world & the forward flow of psychic energy, whereas ____ refers to adaptation to the inner world and the backward flow of psychic energy. 


  Progression regression
• Jung believed that the backward step is essential to a person's forward movement toward

  self realization
• predispositions to act or react in a characteristic manner. 

  attitudes
• • The two basic attitudes are ;
  •   — refers to people's subjective perceptions
  • — which indicates an orientation toward the objective world.

  introversion extraversion
• • are influenced more by the real world than by their subjective perception

  extraverts
• rely on their individualized view of things.

  introverts
• The two attitudes or extroversion and

  introversion can combine with four basic

  functions to form eight general

  personality types.

  functions
• FUNCTIONS

  • (1) __, or recognizing the meaning of stimuli; 
  • (2) __, or placing a value on something;
  •  (3) __ , or taking in sensory stimuli;
  •  (4) __ , or perceiving elementary data that are beyond our awareness.

  thinking feeling sensation intuition
• Jung divided development into four broad stages:

  childhood, youth, middle life, old age
• • or individuation, involves a psychological rebirth and an integration of various parts of the psyche into a unified or whole individual.

  self realization
• • represents the highest level of human development.

  Self-realization
• Jung used the ____, ____, and ____during the process of

  word association test, dreams, active imagination
• • Jung used the word association test early in his career to uncover complexes embedded in the personal unconscious. 

  true
• • Jung believed that dreams may have both a cause and a purpose and thus can be useful in explaining past events and in making decisions about the future.

  true
• Jung also used __ to arrive at collective images.

  active imagination
• Analytic Psychology

  CARL JUNG
• One approach to extending psychodynamic theory has been the ___ theories of Melanie Klein and others


  object relations
• Unlike Jung and Adler who came to reject Freud's ideas, Klein tried to ___ Freud's theories

  validate
• • Klein extended Freud's developmental stages downward to the first ___ after birth

  4 to 6 months
• • Object relations theory differs from Freudian theory in three important ways: 
  • It places more emphasis on ____ relationships
  • It stresses the infant's relationship with the ___ rather than the father
  • It suggests that people are motivated primarily for ____ rather than for sexual pleasure.

  interpersonal

  mother

  human contact