Pham final

• • Antiarrhythmics

  • Positive inotropes

  • Vasodilators

  • Diuretics

  cardiovascular pharmacology: • Treatment of cardiovascular disease • Poly-pharmacy: What are the 4 types of drugs?
• abdominal distention due to Heart Disease causing Ascites: these patients require immediate TX!


  What is this: What might CVS condition might do this?

  
• Antiarrhythmic drugs,

  Drugs affecting blood vessels and

  Positive inotropes


  What are the 3 types of drugs for the Treatment of cardiovascular disease?
• • Tachycardia

  • Bradycardia


  What are the Antiarrhythmic drugs Indications?
• • Venodilators - decreasing pre-load

  • Arteriodilators - decreasing afterload

  • Mixed drugs


  What are the Drugs affecting blood vessels?
• Increase contraction force


  What do Positive inotropes do?
• Who knows: BUT you must memorize them!

  Why do some drugs work for supraventricular tachycardia, vs. ventricular tachycardia?
• 1. Sinus Bradycardia

  2. Ventricular and supraventricular

  3. Ventricular

  4. Supraventricular

  5. Stress Induced


  What are the 5 Targets of antiarrhythmic drugs?
• Sotalol


  Which drug is a potassium and a beta-blocker?
• Atropine


  What drug is used for Sinus Bradycardia?
• Class IA: Procainamide

  Class III: amiodarone, and sotalol


  What drugs are used for Ventricular and supraventricular antiarrhythmics? Which classes?
• Class IB: Lidocaine and mexiletine


  What drugs are used for Ventricular antiarrhythmics? Which class?
• Digoxin and diltiazem


  What drug are used for Supraventricular antiarrhythmics?
• Class II: atenolol, propanolol, metoprolol, and esmolol


  What drug is used for Stress Induced antiarrhythmics? Which class?
• Sinus Bradycardia, and Atropine


  What does 1 represent? Which drug is 2?

  
• Ventricular and supraventricular antiarrhythmics: Class III: amiodarone, and sotalol


  What does 3 represent? Which drugs are 4 and 5?

  
• Ventricular and supraventricular antiarrhythmics: Class IA: Procainamide

  What does 3 represent? Which drug is 6 and 7?

  
• Ventricular antiarrhythmics: Class IB: Lidocaine and mexiletine


  What does 8 represent? Which drug is 9?

  
• Supraventricular antiarrhythmics: Digoxin and diltiazem

  What does 10 represent? Which drugs are 11?

  
• Stress Induced antiarrhythmics: Class II: atenolol, propanolol, metoprolol, and esmolol


  What does 12 represent? Which drugs are 13?

  
• Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers: Quinidine and Procainamide


  What does this represent?

  
• Quinidine and Procainamide


  What are the Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers?

  
• -atrial fibrillation

  - Adverse effects: hypotension, QRS and QT prolongation, -urticarial wheals, colic like symptoms, inflammation of the nasal mucosa with respiratory difficulty, and laminitis


  Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers: Quinidine

  • Indication - _____in horses.

  • What are the adverse effects (6 things)?
• Quinidine, horses


  Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers: ____

  • Indication - atrial fibrillation in____.

  • Adverse effects - hypotension, QRS and QT prolongation, urticarial wheals, colic like symptoms, inflammation of the nasal mucosa with respiratory difficulty, and laminitis
• Procainamide, limited use


  Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers:____:

  • Indications - ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia

  • Adverse effects - significant pro-arrhythmic effects =____
• ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia

  Class Ia antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers: Procainamide:

  • Indications - ____ and ____

  • Adverse effects - significant pro-arrhythmic effects = limited use
• Class Ib antiarrhythmics - sodium channel blockers: Lidocaine = acute ventricular arrhythmia and Mexiletine = chronic ventricular arrhythmia


  What does this represent?

  
• Lidocaine, cats


  _____• Indication - acute conversion of ventricular arrhythmia • Adverse effects - CNS: depression and seizures (____ are more sensitive), vomiting
• Mexiletine, sotalol

  -CNS effects


  _____• Indication

  - chronic management of ventricular arrhythmias. Can be combined with ____

  • Adverse effects - mild loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, ____, and depression, bradycardia
• acute conversion of ventricular arrhythmia: adverse effects- CNS: depression and seizures (cats are more sensitive), vomiting


  Lidocaine

  • Indication - ______ of ____

  • What are the Adverse effects (3 things)?
• chronic management of ventricular arrhythmias. Adverse effects - mild loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, CNS effects, and depression, bradycardia

  Mexiletine • Indication -____ of ____ Can be combined with sotalol • What are the Adverse effects (6 things)?
• Class II antiarrhythmics - beta-blockers: Atenolol, Esmolol Metoprolol, Propranolol and Sotalol

  (NOTE, The Nerve is sympathetic)


  What does this represent??

  
• What can these all TX? Atenolol, Esmolol Metoprolol, Propranolol and Sotalol: can all TX Supraventricular tachycardias


  What are the Class II antiarrhythmics - beta-blockers?
• Atenolol and Metoprolol


  What 2 Class II antiarrhythmics - beta-blockers are used for TX: atrial fibrillation and Supraventricular tachycardias?
• atrial fibrillation and Supraventricular tachycardias (Metoprolol)


  What is atenolol indicated for? What else is indicated for this?
• Acute termination of very rapid Supraventricular tachycardias

  What is Esmolol indicated for?
• Supraventricular tachycardias


  What is Propranolol indicated for?
• Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias


  What is Sotalol indicated for?
• Class III antiarrhythmics - K+ channel blockers: Amiodarone and sotalol


  What does this represent??

  
• Amiodarone and sotalol


  What are the Class III antiarrhythmics - K+ channel blockers?