are organized through formal structures that integrate communities led by a council of elders or leaders or a chief (ex. Barangay)
Chiefdoms
a small kin based group of 10-50 people
Bands
a number of bands that were politically integrated and shared a language, religious beliefs; as political entities are fragile in nature as are only meant to respond to crisis such as threats of external invasion
Tribes
an independent, go exercising control over a certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose borders are usually recognized by other states
State
Actors who play heroic roles are effective in persuading the masses
Agting (2013)
ABC classes
16% both offices
24% D class
31% E class
2019 - 30 TV Personalities joined elections
2 Basic forms of economies:
Marketeconomies - rely on money or currency to trade goods
Non-marketeconomies - rely on barter; government control
Reciprocity - direct exchange of goods
Redistribution - transfer of goods from a central authority that collects from members/external sources, to redistribute to members of society
Indirect exchange of goods facilitated by money or currency
Market transaction
3 SECTORS OF ECONOMY:
PrimarySector - enganged in extraction of raw materials
SecondarySector - manufacturing or mass production