GAS LAWS

    Cards (33)

    • hello students today is the start of the fourth quarter of grade 10 science for those who are new in this channel i am mom deya and i am your science teacher for today today's discussion we will be talking about the behavior of gases particularly about boyle's law and charles law
    • before we proceed let's have a review of the different states of matter when you were in the elementary levels you studied solids liquids and gases
    • Solids
      • More compact in nature
    • Liquids
      • Particles slightly far apart compared to solids, take the shape of their container
    • Gases
      • Particles very far apart, take up all the space in the container
    • our focus this quarter is all about gases
    • Properties of gases
      • Pressure (P)
      • Volume (V)
      • Temperature (T)
      • Amount (n)
    • Pressure
      Force acting on a specific area
    • Units of pressure
      • atm (atmosphere)
      • mmHg (millimeter mercury)
      • Torr
      • psi (pounds per square inch)
      • kPa (kilopascals)
    • in our study for most of this quarter we will be using atmospheres, millimeter mercury and Torr
    • Volume
      Three-dimensional space occupied by a gas
    • Units of volume
      • milliliters
      • liters
      • cubic meters
      • cubic centimeters
    • Temperature
      Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
    • Temperature units
      • Fahrenheit
      • Celsius
      • Kelvin
    • in our calculations we will be using Kelvin as the standard unit for temperature
    • Quantity
      Measured in moles, one mole is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 units of a substance
    • Boyle's law relates pressure and volume at constant temperature and amount of substance
    • Boyle's law
      Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature
    • Volume increases
      Pressure decreases
    • Volume decreases
      Pressure increases
    • Boyle's law demonstration
      1. Put marshmallow in syringe
      2. Observe what happens when syringe is pushed and released
    • Pushing the syringe decreases the volume and increases the pressure, releasing the syringe increases the volume and decreases the pressure
    • Boyle's law formula
      P1 * V1 = P2 * V2
    • Solving Boyle's law problem
      1. Identify given values (V1, P1, P2)
      2. Substitute into formula P1*V1 = P2*V2
      3. Solve for V2
    • If pressure doubles, volume decreases by half. If pressure quadruples, volume decreases to one-fourth.
    • Applications of Boyle's law
      • Syringe action
      • Chip bags at high altitude
      • Breathing (diaphragm movement)
    • Charles law relates volume and temperature at constant pressure
    • Charles law
      Volume and temperature are directly proportional
    • Volume increases
      Temperature increases
    • Volume decreases
      Temperature decreases
    • Charles law formula
      V1/T1 = V2/T2 (temperatures must be in Kelvin)
    • Solving Charles law problem
      1. Identify given values (V1, T1, T2)
      2. Substitute into formula V1/T1 = V2/T2
      3. Solve for V2
    • Applications of Charles law
      • Hot air balloons
      • Ping pong balls
      • Baking (bread, pastries)
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