Biology OCCC Lecture Midterm

• Using a process called, homeostasis, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.
• In reproduction, DNA is transmitted to the offspring that determine what the offspring are like
• Multiple Choice Question

  Inherited traits, characteristics, or behaviors that enable an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment are called adaptions
• Natural selection favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on adaptive traits that are inherited
• Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics.
• A change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as evolution
• In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation
• In an experiment, the response that an investigator measures and the treatment that an investigator manipulates are examples of variables
• All of the past scientific conclusions that were later revised due to technological inventions and new data analysis methods are

  • All organisms are either plants or animals.
  • The Earth is flat.
  • The Earth is the center of the universe.
• In science, whereas a hypothesis is a tentative explanation of an observation, a theory ,is a broader, well-tested explanation for a natural phenomenon backed by many lines of evidence.
• Some theories, such as the theory of gravity, are so widely accepted that they are regarded as facts
• Theories are not only testable but also suggest predictions about future discoveries
• A(n) theory is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hypotheses.
• A living thing, or organism, exhibits certain properties of life and is composed of one or more cells ,the basic units of life.
• All characteristics of life are

  • homeostasis, or maintenance of internal constancy
  • evolution
  • energy use
  • reproduction, growth, and development
  • organization
• The following levels of organizations from smallest to largest are atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ
• Scientific method uses evidence and experiments to test ideas and answer questions
• The scientific definition of theory is "a well-tested explanation," whereas the nonscientific definition of theory is "a hunch or opinion."
• All of the following can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of study are

  • reluctance to accept unexpected conclusions
  • biases of scientists
  • misinterpretations of observations or results
• The prediction of the scientific method is often written as an if-then statement
• The following stages of development from smallest to largest are a fertilized egg, development, and adult
• Hypotheses are often tested with an investigation called a(n) experiment.
• Peer review is when scientists evaluate the validity of the research in a scientific paper that has been submitted for publication
• The group in an experiment that is untreated and provides a basis for comparison is called the control
• It can be difficult to scientifically study events that occurred in the past and that left little evidence because it can be hard to accurately re-create conditions from the past.
• Because science is open to new information, theories can change to accommodate new ideas and discoveries.
• Organisms that make their own food by obtaining energy and nutrients from nonliving sources are called primary producers
• All the questions that are difficult to answer using science are

  • questions about morality
  • questions about the meaning of life
• Theory describes a comprehensive explanation for a natural phenomenon
• Baking soda and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are bases because they release OH - ions into a solution.
• When two or more atoms are chemically joined they form a(n) molecule
• The total number of protons and neutrons for an atom equals the mass number
• A polymer is separated into monomers when a hydroxyl group joins one molecule and a hydrogen ion joins the other in the process of hydrolysis
• All of the following are types of lipids

  • steroids
  • triglycerides
  • phospholipids
• Atoms within sodium chloride (NaCl) are ionic bonds
• Atoms within water (H2O) are covalent bonds
• Two adjacent water molecules are hydrogen bonds
• Base is a type of chemical that can absorb H+ ions from a solution
• Acid is a type of chemical that releases H+ ions to a solution
• Covalent bonds are broken within a polymer when a(n) water molecule is added during hydrolysis.