PE

• Overexertion


  Pressure one puts on themselves, too much pressure that leads to a simple discomfort that might extend to worse, injury
• Factors that depend on overexertion


  • Age
  • Medical history
  • Environment or workplace
  • Specific activity or task
• Sprain


  A stretched or torn ligament. Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. Ankle and wrist sprains are common.
• Ligament


  Tissues that connect bones at a joint
• Strain


  A stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain.
• Tendon


  Tissues that connect muscle to bone
• Fracture


  A break, usually in a bone. Commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
• Open or Compound Fracture


  Broken bone punctures the skin
• Causes of Overexertion


  • Repetitive movements
  • Improper technique
  • Sudden body movements
  • Prolonged activity
  • Extreme temperatures
• Hypothermia


  Caused by prolonged exposures to very cold temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose heat faster than it's produced.
• Hyperthermia


  An abnormally high body temperature caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal with the heat coming from the environment.
• Causes of Hyperthermia


  • Exertional Heat Stroke - occurs when a person is participating in a physical activity, such as running or playing sports, on a hot day
  • Non-Exertional Heat Stroke - usually caused by medications that reduce sweating, vasodilatation and other heat loss mechanisms
• DRSABC


  1. Danger - Always check first the danger and source of injury

  2. Responsiveness - Can the casualty hear your voice?

  3. Send - Send help or shout for help

  4. Airway - Is the person's airway clear?

  5. Breathing - Make sure that the victim is breathing by looking at breathing signs

  6. CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  7. Defibrillation
• Pre-trip plan, logistics, and budget


  Good planning leads to a successful activity and a rewarding and pleasurable experience for the participants
• The Brainstorming


  1. Activity: What would you and your family, group, or class want to do?

  2. Objective: Why do you want to do the activity?

  3. Location: Where do you want to do the activity?

  4. Participants: Who is the activity for?

  5. Size: How many will be joining the activity?
• Preplanning


  1. Getting Information - can be done researching about the site through reading travel blogs or websites and coordinating with the office in charge of the site

  2. Equipment - these are the things to be used in different outdoor activities

  3. Participants - should consider the age, skill levels, physical capacity and conditions, physical and mental preparations, and size of the participants

  4. Risk and Safety Management Plan - whether it involves a small group or bigger group participation, a safety management plan must always be in place

  5. Other Preplanning Needs - examples: approval of the school and written parental consent
• Logistics


  1. Transportation - part of the research that you must do in preplanning is your movement. There are many websites and travel blogs that give advice or share detailed ways of reaching outdoor destinations.

  2. Food and Menu Preparation - ahead of time, meals should be planned. In planning meals, aside from the nutritional needs, there are four things that need to be considered: storage and weight, duration of trip, cooking device, and refrigeration.

  3. Application of Permits and Fees - some outdoor activities in the Philippines require permits to be able to proceed with the activity. Registration to the local tourism office or local government office is a requirement and some fees must be paid.