science

• Ingestion


  Food intake or the introduction of food to the digestive system through the mouth

  
• Mastication


  Chewing provides mechanical or physical digestion
• Deglutition


  Swallowing of food
• Propulsion


  Movement through the digestive tract via muscular action
• Secretion


  The release of mucus, enzymes, and other substances along with water to aid in the digestion of large molecules
• Absorption


  The transport of digestive end products into the blood or lymph
• Exfoliation


  The shedding of mucosal lining cells
• Defecation


  Elimination of waste containing bacteria, exfoliated cells, and undigested materials
• Mechanical Digestion


  Physical breakdown of large pieces of food to smaller pieces
• Chemical Digestion


  Digestive enzymes breakdown molecules so it can be absorbed and distributed throughout the body
• Alimentary Canal


  Consist of series of tubes where food passes through and where it is digested
• Accessory Organs


  Consist of organs that secretes substances that are needed in the digestion process

  
• Saliva


  Contains salivary amylase – digests carbohydrates, and lubricates the passage of food
• Epiglottis


  Responsible to keep the food from entering the respiratory system
• Pharynx


  The back of the throat
• Esophagus


  A long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The food passes through the esophagus using peristalsis
• Peristalsis


  Series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract
• Gastric Juice


  Contains HCl – activates pepsinogen to pepsin, Pepsin – breaks down Proteins, Mucus – protects the stomach lining
• Chyme


  The churning action of the stomach changes the bolus into chyme
• Villi


  Covered with cells that help absorb nutrients from the food that passes through
• Microvilli


  Helps increase the surface of each cell, meaning that each cell can absorb more nutrients
• Bile


  Emulsifies lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• Gall Bladder


  Pouch structure located beneath the liver which concentrates and stores bile
• Bile Duct


  A long tube that carries BILE
• Rectum


  The temporary storage of undigested food and the last section of the colon before reaching the anus
• Anus


  The opening at the lower end of the gastrointestinal tract that controls the expulsion of feces