FM

• Finance


  The management of money, investments, and financial resources. It involves activities related to the planning, acquisition, allocation, and utilization of funds to achieve financial goals and objectives.
• Key aspects of finance

  • Financial Management
  • Investment
  • Financial Markets
  • Corporate Finance
  • Personal Finance
  • Financial Institutions
  • Financial Instruments
• Financial Management


  Managing funds effectively to achieve financial goals, including financial planning, budgeting, forecasting, cash flow management, and risk management.
• Investment


  The allocation of funds into different investment opportunities such as stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds, and other financial instruments to generate returns and grow wealth.
• Financial Markets


  Markets that facilitate the buying and selling of financial assets, price discovery, capital raising, and investment activities, including stock markets, bond markets, money markets, and foreign exchange markets.
• Corporate Finance


  Managing the financial activities of companies, including capital budgeting, capital structure decisions, dividend policies, mergers and acquisitions, and financial analysis to maximize shareholder value.
• Personal Finance


  Managing individual or household finances, including budgeting, saving, investing, retirement planning, insurance, tax planning, debt management, and estate planning to achieve personal financial goals and financial security.
• Financial Institutions


  Institutions that provide financial services, products, and expertise to individuals, businesses, and governments, such as banks, insurance companies, investment firms, and credit unions.
• Financial Instruments


  Vehicles for investment, risk management, and capital raising, such as stocks, bonds, derivatives, options, futures, and currencies.
• Finance is a fundamental aspect of economic activity, driving capital formation, wealth creation, entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth.
• Main types of finance

  • Personal Finance
  • Corporate Finance
  • Public Finance
  • Investment Finance
  • Project Finance
  • Trade Finance
  • Debt Finance
  • Equity Finance
• Corporate Finance


  Managing the financial activities of businesses and organizations, including capital budgeting, financial planning and analysis, capital structure decisions, dividend policies, mergers and acquisitions, risk management, and financial reporting to maximize shareholder value and ensure financial stability.
• Public Finance


  Dealing with the financial activities of governments and public entities, including budgeting, taxation, public expenditure management, public debt management, fiscal policy, and government financial reporting to ensure efficient allocation of resources and achieve economic and social objectives.
• Investment Finance


  Allocating funds into different investment opportunities to generate returns and grow wealth, including portfolio management, asset allocation, securities analysis, investment valuation, risk assessment, and investment decision-making.
• Project Finance


  Funding large-scale projects such as infrastructure projects, energy projects, and construction projects, involving structuring financing arrangements, assessing project viability, managing project risks, and securing funding from investors, lenders, and other stakeholders.
• Trade Finance


  Facilitating international trade transactions by providing financing, risk mitigation, and payment mechanisms to exporters and importers, including letters of credit, trade credit insurance, export financing, import financing, and trade finance instruments.
• Debt Finance


  Borrowing funds from creditors or lenders, such as banks, financial institutions, bondholders, and other creditors, using various types of debt instruments such as loans, bonds, debentures, commercial paper, and lines of credit.
• Equity Finance


  Raising funds by issuing equity or ownership stakes in a company to investors, including issuing shares of stock, equity financing through venture capital, private equity, initial public offerings (IPOs), and equity crowdfunding.
• Key components of the Philippine financial system

  • Financial Institutions
  • Financial Markets
  • Regulatory Authorities
  • Payment and Settlement Systems
  • Financial Inclusion Initiatives
• Financial Institutions in the Philippines

  Banks (commercial banks, thrift banks, rural banks, cooperative banks) and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (insurance companies, securities firms, mutual funds, pension funds, leasing companies, microfinance institutions, remittance companies)
• Financial Markets in the Philippines

  Money Market (short-term financial instruments) and Capital Market (Philippine Stock Exchange, bond market)
• Regulatory Authorities in the Philippines

  Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (central bank), Securities and Exchange Commission, Insurance Commission
• Payment and Settlement Systems in the Philippines

  Philippine Payments and Settlements System (PhilPaSS), PESONet, InstaPay, SWIFT
• Financial Inclusion Initiatives in the Philippines

  Microfinance programs, financial literacy campaigns, mobile banking services, branchless banking, credit access for SMEs and underserved populations