ONCOLOGY

• Oncology- is the study of tumors, abnormal masses that form when cells reproduce at an unusually high rate.
• carcinogenic=producing cancer
• histogenesis=production of tissue
• mutogenic=producing genetic change
• neoplasm=a new growth(tumor)
• oncology=study of tumors
• oncology=study of tumors
• dysplasia=condition of abnormal tissue development
• cauterization=use of heat to destroy tissues
• cauterization=use of heat to destroy tissues
• chemotherapy=drug treatment
• cryosurgery=use of cold temperature to destroy tissue
• adenocarcinoma= malignant tumor of a gland epithelial tumor
• lymphoma= tumor of lymph tissue
• neoplasm= a new growth(tumor)
• chondrosarcoma= malignant tumor of cartilage connective tissue tumor
• radiotherapy= radiation treatment
• new cells grow at an excessive, uncontrolled pace, abormal masses of tissue known as tumors

  or NEOPLASMS
• Tumors can grow in any body tissue and up of the same general types of cells as the tissue in which they form. They can be either benign (contained and not life-threatening) or MALIGNANT (cancerous ,life endangering)
• BENIGN TUMORS- grow slowly
• MALIGNANT(CANCEROUS)TUMORS- grow rapidly
• BENIGN TUMORS- usually encapsulated(contained in a fibrous capsule)and noninfiltrating
• MALIGNANT(CANCEROUS)TUMORS- non-encapsulated :have projections that invade and infiltrate the surrounding tissue
• BENIGN TUMORS- composed of normal, specialized cells similar to those in normal tissue
• MALIGNANT(CANCEROUS)TUMORS- composed of cells that have lost their specialized structure and become immature
• BENIGN TUMORS- do not spread to other sites sites
• MALIGNANT(CANCEROUS)TUMORS- left untreated,can spread to remote sites
• MALIGNANT(CANCEROUS)TUMORS- left untreated, usually pose serious threat to patients health
• Malignant cells -in contrast, grow in very disorganized ways.Instead of developing into specialized cells, they revert to immature( dedifferentiated)cells.
• the phenomenonin which cells become dedifferentiated or anaplastic is called anaplasia
• The spread of a malignant tumor from the site of origin to another part of the body is called METASTASIS
• Malignant tumors (cancers)- result from from cellular mutations. Only some mutation lead to cancer.
• Anything that has the ability to cause mutations, whether cancer-causing or not,is referred to as CARCINOGENS
• Example of carcinogens include tobacco smoke,ratiation and some types of industrial solvents and by product(benzene,hydrocarbons etc)
• Tumors are often classified and described according to: their appearance, the types of tissue in which they originate (histogenesis) ,the degree to which their cells are differentiated or dedifferentiated (grading), the extent to which they have grown and metastasized (staging)
• Tumors are classified first according to the type of tissue in which they arise their HISTOGENESIS
• Epithelial tissue is the tissue that lines the surfaces of the body.Includes skin and tissues that line internal organs and body cavities
• Malignant tumors of epithelial origin are generally named by adding CARCINOMA
• Connective tissue is any type of tissue that connects one tissue to another or that serves to support body structures. These are tumors that start off in connective tissue, such as cartilage, bones, fat, and nerves. The majority of sarcoma tumors are malignant
• Hematopoietic (heh-MAT-oh-poy-ET-tick) tissue consists of the blood and lymphatic systems, including the tissues that produce blood cells