exam 3 (ch 10, 12-13, 14/11)

• what mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter?

  agnoist
• what blocks a neurotransmitter?

  antagonist
• In males, the SRY gene causes gonads to develop into?

  testes
• Without the SRY gene in females, gonads develop into?

  ovaries
• testes produce MIH, which causes ____ to generate?

  Mullerian ducts
• testes produce androgens. which cause _____  to develop into male internal sex organs?

  Wolffian ducts
• for females, in the absence of androgens and MIH, ____ develop into female internal sex organs?

  Mullerian ducts
• for females, In the absence of androgens and MIH, ____ degenerate?

  Wollfian ducts
• Organizing effects are?

  long-lasting
• Activating effects are?

  temporary
• ____ effects are associated with sensitive periods?

  organizing effects
• ___ effects can occur throughout lifetime?

  activating effects
• Sex drive, Arousal, Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy, Parenting are examples of ___ effects?

  activating effects
• during prenatal, there is differentiation of gonads, Wolffian/Mullerian ducts, and external genitals. these are ____ effects?

  organizing effects
• during puberty, Secondary sex characteristics develop. these are ___ effects?

  organizing effects
• with Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY), internal & external sex organs are typically which sex?

  male
• with Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY), secondary sex characterization is which sex?

  some female
• with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), this is Chromosomally typically which sex?

  male (XY)
• with Fetally Androgenized Females, this is Chromosomally typically which sex?

  female (XX)
• with Fetally Androgenized Females, internal structures are typically which sex?

  female
• with Fetally Androgenized Females, external genitals are typically which sex?

  male or ambigious
• with DHT-Deficient Males, external genitals are typically which sex?

  female; with undescended testes
• the problem with DHT-Deficient Males is that ____ does not convert to dihydrotestosterone?

  Testosterone
• Female brains have A ___ overall size, ____ convolutions, and ____ white matter?

  smaller; more; less
• which gender has MORE white matter in the brain, females or males?

  males
• Male brains have a ____ overall size, ___ convolutions, and ___ white matter?

  larger; fewer; more
• which brain has stronger connections between the two hemispheres, female or male?

  female
• which brain has more connections within each hemisphere, female or male?

  male
• Girls with _____ show increased male-typical toy and play preferences?

  CAH
• Homosexuality is slightly more probable among ___ who have older biological ____?

  men; brothers
• what is the Maternal Immunization Hypothesis?

  • Pregnancy #1 - Placental barrier protects mom and baby from exposure to the other’s proteins
  • Exposure - Mixing of fluids during delivery exposes mother to male-specific protein, NLGN4Y
  • Antibodies - Mother’s immune system produces antibodies to these proteins, Anti-NLGN4Y
  • Pregnancy #2 - Placenta transports antibodies, differentially affecting boys
• in operant conditioning, ____ increases the future probability of a response?

  reinforcement
• in operant conditioning, _____ decreases the future probability of a response?

  punishment
• In the Morris Water Maze, a rat with hippocampal damage can find the platform if he always starts from the ____ place, but he will be disoriented if he starts from a ____ location (or, if you move the rest platform)?

  same; different
• Enhanced ability to think of a stimulus as a result of recent experience/exposure?

  priming
• Development of motor skills and habits?

  procedural memory
• LTM-explicit: Factual information?

  semantic memory
• LTM-explicit: Personal experiences that occurred at a particular time?

  episodic memory
• When the ____ is damaged, we don’t see gradual improvement on implicit memory tasks?

  striatum
• Habits and skills develop slowly, and depend on the ____?

  striatum