c. Biological Molecules

Subdecks (1)

Cards (20)

  • Biological molecules:
    • found in living organisms
    • produced by cells
  • Nutrients = molecules that are needed for growth
  • Biological molecules (regarding human nutrition) are:
    • carbohydrates
    • proteins
    • lipids
  • Carbohydrates are made of:
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
  • Proteins are made of:
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
    • nitrogen
  • Lipids are made out of:
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
  • CARBS COME IN DIFFERENT SIZES
    Monomers - simple sugars (e.g. glucose)
    Polymers - complex carbs (e.g. glycogen or starch)
  • Complex carbs are connected by chemical bonds, turning into simple carbohydrates when they are broken.
  • Carbs are broken down by enzymes in the
    • mouth
    • small intestine
  • PROTEINS COME IN DIFFERENT SIZES
    Monomers - amino acids
    Polymers - protein (which is actually just amino acids bonded together)
  • Protein is broken down by enzymes in the
    • stomach
    • small intestine
  • Lipids can both fats and oils.
  • FAT: solid lipid at room temperature
    OIL: liquid lipid at room temperature
  • Lipids are not polymers
  • Lipids are broken down by enzymes in the
    • small intestine
  • Lipid molecules are made out of:
    • 3 fatty acids
    • 1 glycerol
    The length and structure of these molecules determine if the lipid is a fat or an oil
  • Carbohydrates:
    • C, H, O.
  • Fats:
    • C, H, O.
    • 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
  • Proteins:
    • C, H, O, N.