Microbio-finals

• Reasons for doing characterization

  Comparison with other other organism

  Exploit characteristics which may be beneficial

  Identification purposes
• Characteristics used in taxonomy

  cultural, morphological, chemical composition, antigenic, genetic, metabolic
• Cultural


  Refers to the nutrients required for growth and the physical conditions of an environment that will favor growth
• Nutritional Types


  based on:

  Electron and Carbon source

  Electron source

  Carbon source
• based on energy source

  phototrophs

  chemotrophs
• phototrophs


   an organism that can use visible light as a primary energy source for metabolism
• chemotrophs


  obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds.
• Based on the Carbon Source

  Autotrophs

  Heterotrophs
• autotrophs


  who prepare their own food
• Heterotrophs


  who depend on other sources for their food
• Based on the electron and carbon source


  photoautotrophs

  chemoautotrophs

  photoheterotrophs

  chemoautotrophs
• Based on physical conditions

  temp. ,pH, oxygen
• based on temp.


  psychrophile

  mesophile

  thermophile

  psychrotrophs

  hyperthermophile
• the cardinal temperatures


  minimum, optimum, maximum
• Based on pH requirement

  acidophiles

  neutrophiles

  alkaliphiles
• neutrophiles


  between 5.5 and 8

  ph 7- E. coli
• acidophiles


  below 5.5

  ph 5-rhodipila globiformis

  ph 3- acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

  ph 1- picrophilus oshimae
• alkaliphile


  greater than 8

  ph 8-chloroflexus aurantiacus

  ph 9- bacillus firmus

  ph 10- natronobacterium gregoryi
• Based on O2 requirement

  Aerobes

  obligate

  facultative

  microaerophilic

  anaerobes
• Based on O2 requirement

  Anaerobes

  aerotolerant

  obligate
• Oxygen Requirements: Fluid


  Thioglycolate Media
• (A) Escherichia coli: 


  Facultative Anaerobe/Aerotolerant
• B) Neisseria sicca: 


  Microaerophile
• (c)Clostridium butrycium: 


  Obligate Anaerobe
• (D) Pseudomonas aeroginosa: 


  Obligate Aerobe
• (E) Staphylococcus aureus: 


  facultative Anaerobe/Aerotolerant
• Based on O2 requirement: refer sa figure

  (a) Obligate aerobe

  (b) Obligate anaerobe

  (c) Facultative anaerobe

  (d) Microaerophile

  (e ) Aerotolerant anaerobe
• Other example of cultural characteristics

  growth of colony on agar media

  " in broth
• size comparison of microoganism
• cell morphology


  morphological-shape
• cell structure


  morphological- structure
• cell wall chemistry


  chemical composition
• growh of colony on agar media

  circular

  irregular

  filamentous
• growth in broth


  clear

  turbid

  flocculent

  pellicle

  sediment